Service Learning :: Papers

For my psychology paper I chose to do Service Learning. I volunteered 20 hours at the Benton County Womens Shelter. I enjoyed the time that I served there. They really made me feel needed and welcome. I decided, however, that I would not be capable of a career in this field. dear in the small amount of time that I volunteered there my heart wrenched for the girls there. I mat up helpless to do more for them. And yes, I even felt sorry for them. That is not to say that I am not going to continuing volunteering. I have arranged with the government to volunteer two Saturdays a month. Perhaps it is me that is weak. I suppose to some degree we are all weak. But the women I encountered there had the confidence of a child just start out to walk determined, but shaky. I couldnt watch the inner conflict and pain these women endure on a daily basis. I have gained a look on and admiration for those who can. However, my chosen field of study is Public Relations and it is my ho pe to someday gain a position at a charitable organization and become a spokeswoman for a greater cause.The Benton County Womens Shelter is a non-profit organization, a corporation with an overall purpose to work towards alleviating the problems of family violence. They provide shelter, counseling and financial assistances to women in an effort to instill a sense of self-purpose and self-esteem. I learned within my first hours of service what a benefit this service is to the women there. Without it, several would have no where to go. However, through my volunteer work, I seemed to see the same pattern repeat itself over and over. The women had little or no self-esteem. Most came from poverty situations. All of the women I encountered had children. All seemed unsure of their ability to support themselves and their children. Alcohol reappeared over and over again. Aggression problems surfaced in both the women and their children. Mostly, all just seemed lost and were search ing for a source of comfort and security. That is what we do at the Benton County Womens Shelter. We give the women a sense of self-worth. We teach them how to beat the cycle of abuse.

Free Merchant of Venice Essays: The Role of Shylock :: Merchant Venice Essays

Perhaps The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare, is neither pro-Jewish, nor pro-Christian, since the illustrations which show neither the Jew nor the Christian to be perfect are countless.  After having suffered through The Merchant of Venice, and sightedness how unjustly poor Shylock was treated by his Christian contemporaries, I cant help but wonder if Shakespeare was actually trying to show the world how hypocritical members of any religion could be, be it Jewish, Christian, or anything else.  For, although these buggers disliked each other based mainly on differences of religious doctrine, they had more in common than haemorrhage when pricked, laughing when tickled, or dying when pois aned.             As stated in the book of Timothy (vi, 10), The love of money is the floor of all evil.  Its not money that is the root of all evil but the  love of it that is pure evil and causes so many problems.  The prin cipal characters do love their money, dont they? From Portia to Bassanio,  Antonio to Shylock, Martin to Lewis.              Shylock, in particular, keeps babbling on and on about those precious ducats of his, as if they could actually be more important than his own flesh and blood (and, considering his daughters deviation, they probably were).  As for that bozo Antonio, he was one who loved money, but, in a different way than Shylock, for he seemed to get more of a buzz out of loaning/giving it to others than out of squirrel away it, but, nevertheless, he certainly felt an incessant need to have it, as demonstrated by his appeal to deal with the cunning Shylock.              Unfortunately, Shylocks cunning didnt match up to his greed, as he was bested by a woman, of all things.  Yes, folks, that pesky Portia, who was hot for Bassanios bod (lust, after all, is a type of g reed, is it not?), used her wily ship canal to help destroy the Jews empire.  Bummer.  Of course, Shylock really didnt lose it all, since Antonio allowed him to keep the half he was to have been allotted, provided Shylock give it to his unworthy daughter upon his passing from this plane.  What a sweetheart.

Judge Holden of Blood Meridian :: Blood Meridian Essays

Judge Holden of Blood Meridian Although Cormac McCarthys novel Blood Meridian tells the story of the kid and his journey through the harshest of environments, much of the action in the novel centers around Judge Holden. Judge Holden is a mystery from his very first appearance in the novel and remains so until the very end of the novel, when he is one of the few characters surviving. The kid first comes face to face with Holden in a saloon after a shrieking and eventually joins with Holden and a gang of misfit scalp-hunters to roam the Mexican-American borderlands. Judge Holden has some historical foundation as a character. The Judge is mentioned in Samuel Chamberlains My Confession, a personal story published in 1956. Chamberlain was a private during the war with Mexico and met Holden when he joined Glantons gang of renegade scalp-hunters. Chamberlain describes Holden as gigantic and without hairsbreadth, secure as Holden is described by McCarthy (Sepich 125). One of the most mysterious qualities of Judge Holden is his ability to move from place to place and almost be in two places at once. As Tobin says, " all(prenominal) man in the company claims to have encountered that sootysouled rascal in some other place" (McCarthy 124). Holdens first appearance in the novel is a summit example of his ability to appear in two places simultaneously. The Judge manages to escape from the riot in Reverend Greens tent to a saloon where he is exclusively dry, even though it is pouring rain outside (7-8). The Judge also mysteriously appears next to the kid at the bar where the dancing bear has just been killed. He looks "little changed or none in all these years" (325). In both of these situations Judge Holden is the cause of the funny house around him. The Judge single-handedly incites the riot on Reverend Green and is the cause of the bear being slaughtered. These events are indicative of the entire novel in that there is constant chaos and vi olence wherever Judge Holden go es. Judge Holdens physical appearance seems unbelievable and full of contrast. Holden towers over everyone, yet he seems pre-pubescent because of his total lack of hair and his small hands and feet. Much of the imagery surrounding Judge Holden describes him in child-like terms. The features of the kid and the Judge tend to complement each other.

Free Great Gatsby Essays: The Ideal Self †Made Man :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Great Gatsby and the Ideal Self Made Man   In the same way that the all-embracing concept of the American Dream suffered trustworthy degradation during the course of its historical development, so, too, the noble 19th century ideal of the self-made man was conveniently adapted to suit the moral climate of the 1920s. Referring to Fitzgeralds earn(prenominal) character in his novel The Great Gatsby, the young James Gatz is obviously modeled in this aspect of personality upon Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790), who is of go quoted as the earliest example of this particular type of homo americanus. As the youngster of a big family he soon went to work for his father, at the age of only ten after only two years of schooling. After his apprenticeship as a printer he concentrated on educating himself trough reading. In 1818 Franklins Autobiography was published, which contains miscellaneous enumerations of moral virtues he met with in his reading to arrive at moral perfection. His intention was to acquire the habitude of all these virtues, so he found it let out not to distract his attention by attempting the whole at once, but to fix on one of them at a time, and if he should be master of that, he would proceed to another, and so on, till he should have gone trough them. These names of virtues, with their precepts, were TemperanceEat not to dullness drink not to elevation. SilenceSpeak not but what may benefit others or yourself avoid trifling conversation. OrderLet all your things have their places let for each one part of your business have its time. ResolutionResolve to perform what you ought perform without fail what you resolve. FrugalityMake no expense but do practiced to others or yourself i.e. waste nothing. IndustryLose no time be always employed in something useful cut off all needless actions. SincerityUse no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. JusticeWrong none by doing injuries, or c ommitting the benefits that are your duty. abstinenceAvoid extremes forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. CleanlinessTolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation. TranquilityBe not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. ChastityRarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation.

Jerrocs Betrayal Essay example -- Star Trek Defector Essays Papers

Jerrocs BetrayalIn the Star Trek the Next Generation episode entitled The Defector, an interesting issue concerning loyalty and credibility is raised. When full admiral Jerroc of the Romulan Empire turns himself over to the Federation in an apparent attempt to save both parties from a potentially catastrophic war, he violates most of the unstated rules of crook against ones comrades to fight for the enemy. His behavior and statements as a prisoner aboard the Enterprise bring on Captain Picard to doubt Jerrocs explanation for why he has undertaken such a course of action. Jerrocs argument is fairly shaky, as he relies initially on ethos, trying to put forth his cause in the most straightforward manner. As time progresses and the situation grows more grave, however, Jerroc begins to utilize a more emotional argument, which is often very effective when conversing with the good guys. Jerrocs method of convincing Picard that he is true plays heavily in attempting to analyze another as pect of the situation whether or not Jerrocs betrayal of the Romulans constitutes a treasonous and seditious act against them, or if he is simply defecting to the cause in which he truly believes. Jerrocs inconsistent argument, combined with other circumstances which unfolded throughout the episode, is evidence that Jerroc has lost his faith in the Romulan cause and has done what he felt is right. These circumstances help to clarify Jerrocs reason for betraying his Romulan brothers and make the distinction between his being a traitor and his being a defector. Before attempting to place a label of defector or traitor on Jerroc, it is necessary to establish a working definition of the two terms. twain terms certainly constitute an act of ... ...s toward the Romulans. For this reason, Jerroc simply cannot be viewed as a traitor under the definition previously established. His behavior and motives distinctly visualise that Jerrocs intentions were unbiased, and that he merely tried t o do what was right. An important factor in trying to determine if Jerroc is a traitor or a defector is the prospect the opinion is taken from. Without a doubt, the Romulans would view him as a traitor, as it is certain that they feel many negative feelings toward him. Jerroc also damaged the Romulans in an verificatory way by ruining a plan which may have benefited them greatly. The definitions must be applied in a neutral context, however, and that context clearly shows Jerrocs non-hostile attitude toward the Romulans. Ultimately, the inconsistencies in Jerrocs argument helped to establish him as a defector rather than a traitor.

Use of Doubt To Persuade Essay -- Successful Persuasion Essays

Persuasion goes on around us everyday, all the time, on television, on advertisements, even in conversations with friends. Perhaps because of this, overmuch has been written on how to persuade more effectively. Most of this literature is built upon the notion that to persuade is to urge successfully and completely. Going along these lines, certainty and faith are logical complements to effective persuasion, since we faecal matternot hope to convince others when we are ourselves in dubiousness. Doubt, therefore, is felt to be at the other end of the spectrum and antithetical to persuasion. But the prowess of persuasion is a human art, and so it is a living art, which cannot be satisfactorily summed up between the covers of self-improvement guides. In reality, successful persuasion can somewhat deviate from the conventional criteria of certainty in fact, even doubt can be used to persuade. This exciting possibility appears unlikely from the start, because there is an intrinsic pa radox in the notion that doubt can persuade. This contradiction is even clearer when we consider persuasion in the form of a legal transfer given to a large audience. To be able to hold his own in front of a crowd, the speaker, surely, must be certain of himself and what he wants to say. But there is a possible approach by which orators can round the corner of persuading with doubt, and even make doubt work to their advantage. Given that the doubt is a shared tinct of both the speaker and his audience, a candid confession of uncertainty may open new emotional inroads into the audience. By serving as a communal denominator and a common challenge to both parties, a shared doubt when brought into the open can direct the combined energies of the listeners towards finding a workable so... ...nd attested than an outward show of sorrow. In this case, to contrive is to constrict. Doubt as an instinct embedded in persuasion transcends common rhetoric as it moves beyond the logical sphe re of intellect into the domain of unbridled emotions. For this reason, and also because it was with an intention to explore persuasion beyond conventional notions that we set out to study the use of doubt in the first place, it is impossible and indeed unnecessary to encapsulate the skill of persuading with doubt within any sort of generalising guidelines. To subject this practice to prescriptive limits is to smash its lifeline-the vital element of spontaneity that moves with circumstances. As Lee lamented, sometimes, history takes many devious turns it was exactly through one such quirk of history that his speech in 1965 achieved such astonishing payoffs (Press 9).

Use of Doubt To Persuade Essay -- Successful Persuasion Essays

Persuasion goes on around us everyday, all the time, on television, on advertisements, even in conversations with friends. Perhaps because of this, much has been written on how to persuade more effectively. Most of this literature is built upon the notion that to persuade is to urge successfully and completely. Going along these lines, veritablety and confidence are logical complements to effective persuasion, since we cannot hope to convince some others when we are ourselves in doubt. Doubt, therefore, is felt to be at the other end of the spectrum and antithetical to persuasion. But the art of persuasion is a human art, and so it is a living art, which cannot be satisfactorily summed up between the covers of self-re hurlation guides. In reality, successful persuasion can somewhat deviate from the conventional criteria of certainty in fact, even doubt can be used to persuade. This evoke possibility appears unlikely from the start, because there is an inherent paradox in the notio n that doubt can persuade. This contradiction is even clearer when we consider persuasion in the form of a speech given to a large audience. To be able to hold his own in front of a crowd, the speaker, surely, must be certain of himself and what he wants to say. But there is a possible approach by which orators can round the corner of persuading with doubt, and even make doubt work to their advantage. apt(p) that the doubt is a shared concern of both the speaker and his audience, a candid confession of uncertainty may open new emotional inroads into the audience. By serving as a popular denominator and a common challenge to both parties, a shared doubt when brought into the open can direct the combine energies of the listeners towards finding a workable so... ...nd genuine than an outward show of sorrow. In this case, to contrive is to constrict. Doubt as an instinct embedded in persuasion transcends common rhetoric as it moves beyond the rational sphere of intellect into the do main of unbridled emotions. For this reason, and also because it was with an intention to explore persuasion beyond conventional notions that we dictated out to study the use of doubt in the first place, it is impossible and indeed unnecessary to encapsulate the skill of persuading with doubt within any motley of generalising guidelines. To subject this practice to prescriptive limits is to sever its lifeline-the vital element of spontaneity that moves with circumstances. As Lee lamented, sometimes, history takes many devious turns it was exactly through wiz such quirk of history that his speech in 1965 achieved such astonishing payoffs (Press 9).

Night World : Black Dawn Chapter 15

Maggie shuffled behind bedroom-pot Emptier,heading back toward the castle. She was carryingpiles of folded linen sheets given to her by Laun dress, and she was doing her best to look like a slave. Laundress had smudged her face artisticallywith cocksucker to disguise her. She had also sifted ahandful of dust into Maggies hair to dull the auburn into a lifeless brown, and when Maggie bowedher head over the sheets, the hair further obscuredher features. The only problem was that she wasconstantly afraid(predicate) she was going to sneeze.Those are the wild animals, Chamber-pot Emptier whispered over her shoulder. She was a bigboned girl with gentle eyes that reminded Maggieof the calves tethered by Laundresss hut. It had taken Laundress a eon to make her understandwhat they wanted of her, but now she seemed tofeel obligated to give Maggie a tour.Theyre brought in from Outside, she said. And theyre dangerous. Maggie looked sideways at the wicker cageswhere Sylvia and Gavin had walke d earlier. Fromone a brown-gray wolf stared back at her with afrighteningly sad and steady gaze. In opposite a sleek black panther was pacing, and it snarled asthey went by. There was something curled up inthe back of a tercet that might stir been a tigerit was big, and it had stripes.Wow, she said. I wouldnt want to chase that.Chamber-pot Emptier seemed pleased. Andheres the castle. Its called Black Dawn.It is? Maggie said, distracted away from theanimals.Thats what my grandpa called it, anyway. Helived and died in the courtyard with pop ever goingin. Chamber-pot Emptier thought a mo andadded, The old people say that you used to be ableto see the sun in the sky-not unsloped behind theclouds, you know. And when the sun came up inthe morning it shone on the castle. but mayhapthats solely a story.Yeah, maybe it was just a story that you couldsee the sun in the sky, Maggie thought grimly.Every time she thought this place couldnt surpriseher anymore, she discovered she was wrong .But the castle itself was impressive awe inspiring. It was the only thing in view that wasnt dusty brown or pallid gray. Its walls were shinyand black, almost mirror-like in places, and Maggie didnt have to be told that it wasnt built of anyordinary human stone. How they had gotten it tothis valley was a mystery.Delos lives here, she thoughtasEmptier led herup a stone staircase, past the ground point which was just cellars and storage rooms. In this beautiful, frightening, impressive place. not only lives init, but commands it. Its all his.She got just a glimpse of the great hall, whereshed seen slaves focalizeting a long table yesterday. Chamber-pot Emptier led her up another floor andinto a series of winding corridors that seemed to go on for miles.It was dim in this internal labyrinth. The windows were high and narrow and hardly let any ofthe pale daytime in. On the walls there were displacedles in brackets and flares in iron rings, but theyonly seemed to add wavering, conf using shadowsto the twilight.His bedrooms up here, Emptier murmured finally. Maggie followed her closely. She was justthinking that they had made it all the way withouteven being challenged, when a vox sounded from a side corridor.Where are you going? Whos this?It was a guard, Maggie saw, peering from underher hair. A real medieval guard, with, of all things,a lance. There was another one in the opposite cor ridor just like him. She was fascinated in the middle of her terror.But Chamber-pot Emptier of the not-so-quickwits reacted beautifully. She took time to curtsey, whence she said easy and stolidly, Its Folder fromthe laundry, sir. Laundress sent her with the sheetsand I was told she could help me. Theres morework because of the guests, you know.Its Chamber Maids work to spread sheets, theguard said irritably.Chamber-pot Emptier curtsied again and said just as slowly, Yes, sir, but theres more work because of the guests, you see-Fine, fine, the guard broke in impatiently. Whyd ont you go and do it, instead of talking about it?He seemed to think that was funny, and he false and elbowed the other guard in the ribs.Chamber-pot Emptier curtseyed a third time and walked on, not hurrying. Maggie tested to copy the curtsey, with her face buried in the sheets.There was another endless corridor, then a brinkway, and then Emptier said, Were here. Andtheres nobody.around.Maggie lifted her face from the sheets. Youre absolutely wonderful, you know that? You deservean honorary society Award.A what?Never mind. But you were great.I only told the truth, the girl said placidly, butthere was a smile lurking in the depths of her gentle cowlike eyes. There is more work when guestscome. We neer had them before three years ago.Maggie nodded. I know. Look, I guess youd conk out go now. And um-Emptier? She couldnt bring herself to say the entire name. I really hope you dont perish in trouble because of this.Chamber-pot Emptier nodded back, then went toreach under the bed and retrieve a ceramic container. She walked out again holding it carefully.Maggie looked around the room, which was verybig and very bare. It was somewhat better lit thanthe corridors, having several bowl-shaped oil lampson stands. The bed was the only real piece of furniture in it. It was huge, with a heavy wooden frameand carved bedposts. Piled on top of it were quiltsand what looked like fur coverlets, and hanging allaround it were linen curtains.Im probably supposed to take all that stuff off and put the clean sheets on, Maggie thought. Shedidnt.The rest of the furniture seemed to be largechests made of exotic-looking wood, and a fewbenches and stools. Nothing that offered a hidingplace. But on one side there was a curtaineddoorway.Maggie went through it and found a olive-sized anteroom-the wardrobe Jeanne had mentioned. It wasmuch bigger than shed expected, and seemed tobe more of a storeroom than a closet.Okay. So Ill just sit down.There were two stools beside a figure that vaguely resembled a dressmakers dummy. Maggie dropped her sheets on a chest and pulled one ofthe stools close to the doorway. Through the spacebetween the linen curtains she could see almost theentire bedchamber.Perfect, she thought. All I have to do is wait untilhe comes in alone. And then She stiffened. She could hear vo spyglasss from somewhere beyond the vast bedroom. No, she couldhear a voice, a musical girlish voice.Oh, please, she thought. Not her.Dont let him come in with her. Ill have to jump out and hit herwith something I wont be able to stop myself .But when two figures came in the room, she hadno desire to jump out.It was Sylvia, all right, but she wasnt with Delos.She was with huntsman Redfern.Maggie felt ice down her spine. Now, what werethese two doing in Deloss bedroom? Whatever itwas, if they caught her, she was dead meat. Sheheld herself absolutely solace, but she couldnt tear herself away from the curtain.Hes out riding, and he wont be back for another half hou r, Sylvia was saying. She was wearing a dark holly-green gown and carrying a basket.And Ive sent all the servants away.Even so, hunter Redfern said. He gently movedthe heavy wooden door until it was almost shut.Not all the way, but enough to screen the bedchamber from anyone outside.You really think hes spying on our rooms? Sylvia turned in a gyrus of skirts to look at the tallman.Hes brightmuch smarter than you give himcredit for. And these old castles have spy-holes and listening tubes built in I remember. Its a stupidprince who doesnt make use of them.He remembers, Maggie thought, for a moment too full of wonder to be scared. He remembers thedays when castles were built, he means. Hes reallybeen alive that long.She studied the handsome face under the bloodred hair, the aristocratic cheekbones, the mobile mouth-and the quick radiate eyes. This was thesort of man who could fascinate people, she decided. alike(p) Delos, there was a sort of leashed tension about him, a reserve of power and intelligence that made an ordinary person feel awed. He was a leader, a commander.And a hunter, Maggie thought. All these peopleare hunters, but hes the huntsman, the epitome ofwhat they are. His name says it all.But Sylvia was talking again. What is it that hesnot supposed to know?Ive had a heart from Outside. Dont ask how,I have my ways.You have your little bats, Sylvia said demurely.Ive seen them.There was a pause, then hunting watch said, Youd better watch yourself, girl. That mouths going to getyou in trouble.Sylvia had her face turned away from him, butMaggie saw her swallow. Im sorry. I didnt knowit was a secret. But whats happened?The biggest news in your short life. Hunter Redfern laughed once and added with apparentgood humor restored, And maybe in mine. Thewitches have seceded from the iniquity World.Maggie blinked. It sounded impressive the wayhe said itbut more impressive was the way Sylviafroze and then whirled breathlessly.What?Its happened. Theyve been threatening for amonth, but most people didnt believe theyd reallydo it.Sylvia put a hand to her middle, touch flatagainst her stomach as if to hold something in.Then she sat on the fur-covered bed.Theyve left the Council, she said. She wasntlooking at Hunter Redfern. Theyve left the Council and everything else.All of them?Hunter Redferns fine red eyebrows went up.What did you expect? Oh, a few of the blackestpractitioners from Circle Midnight are arguing, butmost of them agree with the liberals in Circle Twilight. They want to save the humans. Avert thecoming darkness. He said it exactly the way Maggie had heard lumberjacks say, hand over the spotted owls. HaSo its really beginning, Sylvia murmured. Shewas be quiet looking at the stone floor. I mean, theresno going back, now, is there? The Night World issplit forever.And the millennium is upon us, Hunter said,almost cheerfully. He looked young andpersonable, Maggie thought. Somebody youd vote for.Which brings me to the question , he said smoothly, looking at Sylvia, of when youre goingto find her.What her? Maggies stomach tightened.Sylvias face was equally tight. She looked up andsaid levelly, I told you Id find her and I will.But when?You do understand how important this is?Of course I understand Sylvia flared up. Herchest was heaving. Thats why I was trying to sendher to you in the first place-Hunter was talkingasif he didnt hear her. If it gets out that Aradia, the Maiden of all the witches,is here in the valley-IliknowAnd that you hadher and let her slip throughyour fingers-I was trying to bring her to you.I thought thatwas important, Sylvia said. She was bristling and distraught. Which was exactly what Hunter wantedher to be, Maggie thought dazedly. He really knows how to play people.But the analysis was faraway, in the shallowestpart of her mind. Most of her consciousness wassimply stricken into paralyzed amazement.Aradia.The Maiden of all the witches.So it wasnt Arcadia at all, Maggie thought. She m ight have mentioned that,after Ive been calling her Cady for days. But then she hasnt been conscious much, and when she was we had more urgent things to talk about.Aradia. Aradia. Thats really pretty.The name had started an odd resonance in hermind, maybe bringing up some long-forgotten mythology lesson. Aradia was a goddess, she thought.Of um, sylvan glades or something. The woods.Like Diana.And what Maiden of all the witches was, she hadno idea, but it was obviously something important.And not evil, either. From what Hunter was saying, it was clear that witches werent like other NightPeople.She was the maiden Bern and Gavin were talkingabout, Maggie realized. The one they were supposed to deliver. So Sylvia was bringing her toHunter Redfern. But Cady herself told me-I mean, Aradiatold me-that she was already coming tothis valley for a reason.Before she could even properly vocalize the question, her mind had the answer.Delos.In a coincidence that lifted the hair on Maggiesarms, Sy lvia said, She wont get to Delos.Shed better not, Hunter said. Maybe you dont realize how persuasive she can be. An ambassador from all the witches, coming to plead her case she just might sway him. He has a despicable softspot-a conscience, you might call it. And we know hes been in opposition with the human girl who escaped with her. Who knows what messages the little vermin was carrying from her?No messages, Maggie thought grimly. Not withthis vermin anyway. But I would have carried themif Id known.Gavin said Aradia was still unconscious fromthe truth potion-that she was practically dead,Sylvia said.I don t think she could have given any messages. Id swear that Delos doesnt know shesin the valley at all.Hunter was still brooding. The witches have oneWild Power on their side already.But they wont get another, Sylvia said doggedly. Ive got people looking for her. All the nobles are on our side. They wont let her get toDelos.She should have been killed in the beginning,Hunter muse d. But maybe youhave a soft spotfor herlike you do for that human boy.Behind the linen curtains, Maggie stiffened.Like you do.Not like you did.And who else couldthe human boy be?She gritted her teeth, listening so hard she couldhear the blood in her ears, willing them to talkabout Miles.But Hunter was going on in his smooth voice,Or maybe you still have some loyalty to thewitches.Sylvias pale face flushed. I do not Im finishedwith them, and you know it I may be a spellcaster, but Im not a witch anymore.Its good to see you havent forgotten whattheyve done to you, Hunter said. afterward all, youcould have been a Hearth-Woman, taken yourrightful place on the witch Council.YesLike your grandmother and her mother beforeher. Theywere Harmans, and so was your father.What a pity the name isnt passed through the maleline. You ended up being just a Weald.I wasa Harman, Sylvia said with deadening ferocity. She was staring at the floor again, and sheseemed to be speaking to herself rather tha n toHunter. I was. But I had to stand there and watch my cousins be accepted instead of me. I had towatch half humansbe accepted-be welcomed.They took my place-just because they were descended through the female line.Hunter shook his head. A very sad tradition.Sylvias breath came raggedly for another minuteor so, then she looked up slowly at the tall man in the center of the room, You dont have to worryabout my loyalty, she said quietly. I want a placein the new order after the millennium. Im through with the witches.Hunter smiled.I know it, he said, lightly and approvingly, andthen he started pacing the room. He got what hewanted out of her, Maggie thought.Almost casually, he added, Just be sure thatDeloss power is unploughed in check until everythings decided.Sylvia bent and lifted the basket, which Maggiehad forgotten about.The new binding spells will hold, she said. Ibrought special ingredients from one of the oldestMidnight witches. And he wont suspect anything.And nobody but you can take them off?Nobody but me, Sylvia said firmly. Not eventhe Crone of all the witches. Or the Maiden, forthat matter.Good girl, Hunter said, and smiled again. Ihave every confidence in you. After all, you havelamia blood in you to balance the witch taint.Youre my own eighth-great-granddaughter.Maggie wanted to punch him.She was confused and frightened and indignantand furious, all at once. As faras she could tell,Hunter Redfern seemed to be manipulating everybody. And Delos, Delos the prince and Wild Power,was just another of his puppets.I wonder what they plan to do if he wont join their new order? she thought bleakly.After a few minutes, Hunter turned in his pacingand walked by the door. He paused brieflyasiflistening, then glanced at Sylvia.You dont know how happy it makes me just to think about it, he said, in a voice that wasnt strained, or overly cheerful, or too loud, or anything that rang false. To finally have a true heir.A male heir of my own line, and untainted by witchblood. I would never have married that witchMaeve Harman if I had known my son was still alive. And not only alive, but out having sons Theonly true Redferns left in the world, you mightsay.Maggie, with her teeth set in her lower lip, didntneed to guess who was on the other side of thedoor. She watched tensely.And Delos came in, right on cue.

Industrial Development and Labor Movement Essay

The answer is FALSE. The development of industrial development contributed to the rise of labor movement. The signifi keistert change that was caused by the industrial vicissitude the increase efficiency of production through the use of machines has caused the displacement and alienation of compassionate courseers as machines have taken over the production process.The industrial rotation is one of the most significant highlights for the development of human history. It was an advent for the most important technological changes and advancement which translated to increased production efficiency producing the most play of goods at the least amount of costs.However, the rise of giant industries which do use of machines in production has caused human skilled rickers to be displaced from their jobs. The automation of production has made human labor little benevolent and less needed. The advent of the rise of machines has caused severe changes in production and labor, and conseq uently it has driven profound social changes and as well driven the economy to be more production efficient with little help from human labor (Hooker).Consequently, the displacement of human laborers and their seemingly less involvement in the process of production have made them less powerful in voicing out their demands. The mechanized production system has made them less represented and less significant in the industry, thus, factory owners didnt regard them as assets in the industry. This turn of events marked the era wherein laborers didnt have the qualification to speak of their work-related grievances, they lost the voice to battle cry out for fair intercession.In contrast to the earlier times wherein the small employer-employee relationship was prevalent, the workers had the ability and chances to address their demands to their employers. However, the increased automation of production system has also caused the growth of enterprises and the owners hired skilled profess ionals to more efficiently manage the workers. As a result, there existed a larger gap between the owners and the laborers, making it harder for the laborers to communicate directly to the owner to express their grievances (The American Labor Movement).Moreover, during these times, the workers were forced to work longer hours, getting the most work from them though giving them the lowest wage possible. And because of the production automation, skilled laborers and craftsmen were less valued and the number of unskilled laborers has significantly increased.Thus, these instances, developments and the further impoverishment and unequal treatment for laborers have resulted to the emergence of labor unions that advocated to protect the rights and welfare of laborers. Labor unions became a prevalent action in protecting the common interests of laborers, particularly issues regarding wages and workings conditions. These labor and trade unions served as collective organizations that repres ented the interests of the working class.Moreover, labor unions were sometimes looked upon as political wings campaigning for equitable treatment from employers and lobbying for the death penalty of laws governing labor relations. These labor movements focused on issues related on rank-and-file movements, collective bargaining conflicts and organizing political campaigns. These efforts flickered the hopes for industry workers to attain increased political bewitch to be able to push legislations that shall benefit their cause, and deflect labor laws that were inefficient in protecting the rights of laborers (Turner, 2001).The rise of labor movement became more prevalent in the newly industrialized countries. This happened as global transformations became more influential and encompassing for example, the relocation of low-wage areas, automation and the increasing use of unregulated work arrangements all of which contributed to the smashed urge of forming a strict and rigid frame work of a union that shall defend workers against unfair treatment. (Silver) Moreover, in addition to the animation of production, there is another verbalism of industrial revolution that has hastened the rise of labor movement. The unfair labor practices rendered by industrialized nations towards less powerful and poor countries have made it more appealing for workers to organize a movement that was geared minimizing these effects.As the industry grew larger and more powerful, industrialized countries have sought for new markets and new sources of cheap labor, wherein they can yield the most production with labor-intensive processes, with the least amount of costs possible. They utilized the presence of satellite countries wherein they can extract from them the cheapest raw materials, and wherein they can subvert to make use of the human capital as a source of cheap and intensive labor. Therefore, the rise of labor movements was sponsored by the industrial development. This happe ned in such(prenominal) a way that, as the industry flourished and became automated, it resulted in harsh treatment and displacement of the workers. This unfair treatment led workers to form unions that shall represent them as a whole in addressing their grievances and sentiments. The development of labor movements were hastened by (1) need for social mobilization and institutional change (2) need for significant representation by workers (3) call for industry changes and (4) economic and political protectionism. The industry development happened in such a manner that it gave utter importance to machines and deliberately misappropriated the use of human skills in the course of production. It displaced the rights and abilities of craftsmen and haggardly made use of unskilled worker, as they offered cheap labor despite the intense labor work and long work hours. Consequently though, this instances and treatments have hastened the movements to revive the industry that is mindful of hum an existence and welfare. Thus, industry development, coupled with intense form of exploitation, mistreatment, alienation and displacement for workers have in conclusion led to the emergence of labor movements.ReferencesHooker, Richard. The industrial Revolution. Retrieved December 1, 2007 from, Silver, Beverly. Labor Movements from a Global Perspective.The American Labor Movement. Retrieved December 1, 2007 from, Turner, Lowell. (2001) Reviving the Labor Movement. School of Industrial and Labor Relations. Cornell University.

Philosophy as Metaphysics Essay

ABSTRACT Philosophy moves with special crusades of objects the sumities. The basic char pretenderistics of this type of object ar their metastrong-arm, transcendental, and total character. The character of these objects determines the specificity of actors line and the methods of school of thought. The language of philosophy represents symbolic language speculation is the basic method of philosophy. On the one(a) hand, objects of this type emphasis homo sapien as essences capable of constructing such(prenominal) objects, which in turn assumes the ability of human consciousness to make synthetic acts.On the basis of philosophy as metaphysics, an original onward motion is offered which divides the history of philosophy into periods as well as providing analysis of antithetic philosophical systems. Feature of philosophical activity, as against a science, is the work with special, non tangible objects the totalities, which ar constituted by the philosopher. One of such obje cts is the arena, and, in this sense, we often say, that philosophy is a wel-tanschauung (world-outlook) .Certainly, the world as about set of things can be studied by physics (sciences in a broad sense), but in this case a researcher can miss the point that the world is a totality, not just a simple set of things. As distinct from scientific bailiwick the philosophy takes its objects as the totalities, which the subject of knowledge cannot discover as ordinary objects, because the including the learning subject character of these the totalities excludes any type scientific approach to knowledge in principle. Others examples of the above mentioned objects (the totalities) are Ego and God.Objects of this type (with roughly reservations) are a lot of human being phenomena, such as love, virtue, conscience, courage, bravery, understanding and so on. All these objects are those, that the precise localization of physical object criteria of their creative activity is im thinkable , it is impossible to create the high-grade theory of these phenomena (for example, theory of love or bravery), as they assume not further objective Contemplator (as it occurs in case of objects of scientific knowledge), but also postulate the Actor inside them, that causes essentially twinkling counsel of them being.(2) Exactly the character of these objects determined essential features of the philosophizing as metaphysical activity. The underlining of metaphysical character of philosophy objects dictates the special procedures of work with them, distinct from of methods of scientific knowledge. Metaphysical objects constructs cannot be give in frameworks of physical experience the study constructing of these objects occurs by a route of thinking means, procedures of speculation.That is why the one of the most typical mistakes in the researching of these objects is procedures of naturalization metaphysical objects, i. e. consideration of natural (physical) analogs of these o bjects. For example, instead of work with the world (the world as totality) we consider the world as some sets of physical, chemical, biological etc. objects, and instead of the analysis of phenomenon of consciousness proper as metaphysical object the natural analog of consciousness brain or mentality of the particular human being, we examine.Specifying the status of these objects, it is possible to tell, that the subject of the philosophy activity are metaphysical-transcendental objects, i. e. objects having the boundary status of their existence. The boundary character of these objects allows to specify Kantian indication just phenomena and transcendent things in itself. Moreover, metaphysical-transcendental objects are located on border of former(a) known distinctions of classical philosophy.(3) They are, for example, not subjective and not objective, not conscious and not material. It is interesting in this respect appearance of the first proper philosophical category of bein g, which, in fact, was entered Parmenids as boundary metaphysical-transcendental object being-thinking (in this case, alongside with Parmenids postulating his first thesis, entering a category of being, forepart of the second his thesis, establishing the parity of an entered category of being with another category the category of thinking).In some sense, metaphysical-transcendental objects are Husserls phenomenal, from which as a result of procedures of objectivizing and (or) subjectivizing the subjects and objects can be received, i. e. is entered subjective-objective distinction of New time. On the other hand, the boundary character of these objects allows still to work with them ( I specially avoid the term to learn, as far as these procedures are applied only for work with usual objects). Above this mode of working with them was named as speculation, which, as a result, the construction of these objects to occur by a way of thinking means.The creation such thinking construct is caused by that the person aspires to understand mode of functioning of the totalities, which surround him. And just this phenomenon of surprise before presence of such totalities is a beginning and basic nerve of philosophy. In this sense, philosophizing is possible only as an act of work of the beings, capable to postulate these totalities, payable to synthetic acts (Kant), as being, perceiving the environmental world not in itself, but by means of symbolical function (Cassirer), through a prism of the change forms (Marx, Mamardaschvili).Another important characteristic of metaphysical objects is their total-making nature. It means, that the purpose of designing such objects is the attempt of understanding of some phenomenon of totality (for example, the world as whole, totality) in airheaded of a question how (why) this phenomenon is possible?. The answer to this question assumes revealing mechanism of existence of this phenomenon.That is why it is important for the philosop her not to know some common aspect, that is allowed at a level of the primary, superficial description of it and other similar objects, but to know general (total) principle of functioning of objects of this type. For example, if a row of the plane polygons is given to us, a triangle(4) will act as general principle of this variety, because all others plane polygons can be given with the help of a triangle. Thus, philosophical constructs act as transcendental condition of seeing of other physical objects.That the phenomenon of seeing of a house was possible as some totality, it is necessary to postulate a row of transcendental conditions of this phenomenon, among them we can allocate necessity being of the house (Parmenid), recognition (and taking shape) this being by means of idea of home (Plato), fixing the house as an object of perception by some subject (Decartes) within spatial-temporary a priory forms of sensuality (Kant). On the other hand, a row of such philosophical constru cts touch on a horizon, a way of seeing of subjects (Wittgenstein), associated with a certain epoch.For example, the mentioned above transcendental conditions of a phenomenon of seeing of a house define a way of seeing of subjects within the framework of classical philosophy. In this sense these constructs act as total-necessary cultural machines, that set the cultural way of hold activity of the person and made imperceptible but essential background of his existence. For example, when a modern man looks at star sky, he sees not merely separate stars, but constellations and it is impossible to explain to a person from other culture (and the more so, being, which is not having ability to the synthetic acts).Moreover, developing this example with constructing of constellations, it is possible to tell, that exactly it has made possible occurrence of such activity as an astrology. The above mentioned metaphysical character of philosophy objects causes the specification of the langua ge and methods philosophizing. The language of philosophy has not signal, but symbolical character. Lets stop on it hardly more in detail. Already science differs from the common sense description, because it uses some abstraction, ideal elements, which, in a common case, it is impossible to compare any certain objects of the physical validity.For example, as D. Gilbert says, in mathematics, those are language fictions, and one of the main problems of a substantiation of mathematics is either an exception these fictions, or imposing some certain restrictions all that prevent the appearance of negative consequences, epoch using language fictions. Any language works with signs, besides that, any theory deals with mentioned language fictions (= symbols), i. e. such kinds of signs, with which nothing corresponds in sensible reality.For example, in physics has concepts a material point, an absolutely black body, etc. They are often called as abstract ideal objects, which turn out by a way of abstraction (idealization) from any properties of real physical objects. But in physics there are and more fictitious objects cwarcks, for example, which not only is evident not imagine, but also until last time have acted only as theoretical constructs essentially of unobservable nature. In this case we can postulate a metaphysical mode of existence for these objects.It is important to emphasize, that these metaphysical objects do not exist in the same sense, as it is for the particular objects of a physical reality, such as panel, chair,etc. The majority of the philosophy terms, its categorical apparatus have such symbolical character. It is impossible to give any referents of philosophical categories inside a physical reality. We can take as an example of such philosophical categories as being, consciousness etc. , for which we can somehow find certain physical analogues (for example, for a philosophical category being such analogue is the category substance or matter). But there are more humanitarian objects connected with some features of a human being way, for which in general there are no analogues in a nature. These are, for example, concepts virtue, conscience, love, debt, bravery This specification of the philosophy language, which symbols indicate an existence of a special metaphysical dimension of a reality could be expressed by Kantian exclamation Excuse me, but it is not, what I converse about (mean) in reply to German poet Schillers misunderstanding his categorical imperative.The metaphysical character of the categorical philosophical apparatus predetermines also specification of philosophical reasoning. The postulated non-sense character of perception of objects of the filosophizing assumes the special procedures of work, which were above characterized as a procedure of speculation. The main difficulty thus is absence of a support on sensible analogy, which often helps us in daily life. The structure a reasoning about pure being (or conscience) is principle different from the reasoning about a tree, or a sex, or other objects of the physical world.Danger, which here waits us influence of our vital experience, influence sensible hooks, which can destroy the ability for the innate reflex and philosophical analysis. To explain the idea about involuntary influence ours sensible apparatus, M. Mamardaschvili in the lectures about M. Proust, used as an example biblical commandment when they fuck off you on the one cheek put another one as a vivid example of inhibition (Husserls phenomenological reduction) of a standard human reaction (reflex), imposed to us by sense-figurative thinking (if somebody hearts you reply with the same).Moreover, it is possible, that some other logic operates in area of spoilt objects, distinct from usual, earthly logic. In particular, according to opinion of the Russian philosopher and the logic N. A. Vasiljev, validity of the logic law of excluded third, has purely earthly an origin and it is connected with primacy, later on Aristotle, of individual existing things.(5) If we, following Plato, consider classes of subjects as primary (for instance, subject a class of tables), the law of excluded third will be incorrect, as the table as one of set of subjects of a class of tables can be simultaneously both white and non-white (in instance, green). Of course, here it is necessary to realize, that the opposite properties are attributed to the different individuals of primary subject different things of the same class).The transfer of the point of view from single objects to classes of objects has allowed N.Vasiljev to formulate imagined logic with the law of excluded fourth. This logic in anything does not give way on its parameters to our habitual logic with the law of excluded third, but expands opportunities of our thinking. Within the framework of this logic the paradoxical coincidence between maximum and minimum, revealed Nikolaj from Kuza, does not cause s urprise. The only acceptable procedure for understanding of philosophical categories within of some philosophical framework is the correlation of the different speculative (metaphysics) objects with the help of a method language game.

Implications of Business Process Management for Operations Management Essay

Implications of channel ferment steering for operations instruction Colin Armistead and Simon MachinThe tune School at Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK Introduction Operations charge is concerned with the management of people, touch integritys, technology and other resources in order to produce goods and services. There is a resonance from operations management into encounter plow re-engineering (BPR) of the touch paradigm and of the concepts and techniques of designing, managing and improving working(a) treates. Doubtless much can be learned from operations management for the application of BPR1. But business act upon management is more(prenominal) than just BPR practice to operational borderes. What ar the implications of the wider consideration of business moldes for operations management and can the concepts and techniques from operations management be directly appevasivenessd to totally types of business paradees?This paper introduces the concepts of business processes and business process management, and reports riskings from converses in quaternion governances which be continuing to develop their adventes to managing processes. These findings are then positioned inwardly a categorization of business processes, by way of research propositions. Finally, implications for operations management are discussed. What are business processes? personal line of credit processes can be thought of as a series of interrelated activities, crossing working(a) boundaries with inputs and outputs. Why are they important and why are constitutions moving to adopt onslaughtes to explicitly manage by business processes? Reasons include2 that the process view allows increasing flexibility in make-ups to meet changing external demands cryes the speed to market of new products and services and the responsiveness to the demands of customers facilitates the step-down of costs facilitates increased delivery reliability and helps call in the prize of products and services in terms of their consonance and capability. Processes are circumstances of the philosophy of total quality management (TQM)3. Both the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award4 and the EuropeanInternational Journal of Operations & yield Management, Vol. 17 No. 9, 1997, pp. 886-898. MCB University Press, 0144-3577Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model5, on which the European Implications of Quality Award is based, defecate at their heart the consideration of business business process processes. Such models require the identification of processes, the management management of these processes with review and targetary, innovation and creativity employ to processes and the management of process change. A second route that leads organizations to consider their business processes 887 is BPR6-9 which promotes the radical change of business processes. any(prenominal)what have illustrated the complementary nature of BPR and TQM10, others the conflict11. Regardless of this, the fact is that organizations come to consider their business processes by and through TQM, or through BPR, or potentially through some(prenominal) avenues. What is business process management?There is considerable debate about what business process management means and how organizations interpret the business process paradigm2,12. Business process management can non be considered simply as BPR. Rather it is concerned with how to manage processes on an ongoing basis, and non just with the one-off radical changes associated with BPR. But how are organizations actually managing their business processes? What advancementes have they developed? What lessons have they learned and what can be drawn from their experiences? The aim of the research reported in this paper is to address such questions by considering organizations at the leading edge of process management. Methodology A qualitative methodology was espouse in conducting the research. Dur ing a pilot configuration interviews were conducted in quad organizations TSB Rank Xerox Kodak and Birds Eye Walls.This, coupled with knowledge of the approach within Royal Mail, led to an initial understanding of the approaches being adopted by organizations13. This was followed by pull ahead interviews in four organizations (including within a several(predicate) part of Rank Xerox), and it is these that form the basis of the findings reported in this paper. The four organizations, in this second phase of interviews, were (1) Rank Xerox European Quality Award (EQA) winners in 1992 (2) Nortel Netas, a subsidiary of Nortel, were EQA winners in 1996 (3) TexasInstruments EQA winners in 1995 (4) Hewlett-Packard who do not use the EFQM model, entirely have been using their own Quality Maturity System for several years, with many similarities to the EFQM model, including the central role of processes. While these organizations are at varying stages of their approach to business p rocess management they can be considered excellent against many criteria (including process management), as testn above, and the findings and lessons derived from the research should inform other organizations which are just starting their approach to process management.IJOPM 17,9888In two courtships the quality director of the UK operation was interviewed in one case the participant was the business process manager in another the participant was a direct report to a service director. We consider that the roles and experience of the participants make possible sensible simile between the organizations, based on the interviews. Semi-structured open- hold oned interviews (typically of between two and three hours), based on the ideas emerging from the pilot interviews, were carried out in severally organization. The interviews were confine by other documentation from each organization which included process maps, planning frameworks and organizational structures. Interviews were t ranscribed and the transcriptions apply as the basis for analysis. Each interview transcription was read and examined several times and lists of concepts developed14. A cognitive map15 of all four interviews was then constructed showing the concepts emerging from the data and how the concepts informed on each other (based on the perception of the authors). Concepts were then clustered, with six clusters, or themes, readily appearing.The clusters were then checked against the transcripts from the pilot interviews and documentary material from the case organizations to ensure consistency of findings. Findings The six clusters emerging from the research we have labelled organization coordination process definition organization structuring cultural fit improvement bill. While some of these energy not be novel inthemselves we discuss them first individually and then as a hang. Organization co-ordination One property associated with business processes is their throughout nature. The y start with input at the business boundary and finish with outputs from the business boundary. Hence their cross-functional nature and, implicit in this, is their ability to integrate and co-ordinate activity. For example, a better way to compute about process is that it is an organizing concept that pulls together absolutely everything necessary to deliver some important component of strategical comfort16. It is perhaps not surprising in that respectfore that a strong theme emerging from the interviews was that the process paradigm provides an approach for co-ordination across the whole organization.This integration through the use of business processes is perhaps most simply illustrated by the fact that participants, in describing their approaches to business process management, described how they run and organize their entire business. The co-ordination took a number of forms. For example, business process management was strongly positioned in the overall approaches to busin ess planning adopted by the organizations. This was illustrated in one organization with their long- and medium-term plans explicitly linked to annual plans for their key processes. Business process management also provided an approach for integration through increased knowledge within the organizations (for example, about strategic direction), without the wishing for bureaucratic procedures or hierarchical controlImplications of business process The concepts of business processes emerged as providing a link between the management top of the organization and activity at the lower levels the bit in the middle. Central to this is the concept of different levels of processes and typically the organizations reported having identified three or four levels of process from the top-level architecture through to the individual or task level. In providing the co-ordination across the organization, the importance of managing the boundaries of processes was strongly emphasized. One organizatio n, for example, was addressing these boundary issues between their processes through the use of networks of individuals representing the interests of their process.They used networks around each process to formulate and implement strategy, and identified which processes have boundary issues withother processes. Individuals from one process network then figure meetings of the other process networks on this boundary to address the potential issues. Without some form of co-ordination between processes, changes in one process could also lead to changes in slaying of other processes such that strategic goals would be compromised, typically in the areas of quality and costs.but what we were trying to do was create a very lay off environment, a very innovative environment, but an environment where we knew exactly where we were going.889Process definition Much of the literature on managing processes is concerned with process improvement17,18 and this is typically enjoin at how to improv e the actual operation of processes. However, a view expressed during the interviews was that the real value derived from the process approach is through the understanding and development of an approach at higher levels within the organizations, rather than simply process improvement activity at the task or team level. Nevertheless, these organizations recognized that they struggled with this and acknowledged that, in reality, the understanding of processes was often still at the task level, with a natural tendency for procedure writing.Approaches to help overcome this included communication across the different levels of the organization to develop common understanding (and, in particular, to develop better understanding between process owners and process operatives) and a focus within process flowcharts on value steps and decision points, together with the definition and management of process boundaries. Process flowcharting is often presented as a panacea for understanding and ma naging processes, but some organizations reported problems with applying the methodology to all processes the methodology of flowcharting is OK for consistent, regularly operated, reliable processes it is not that expedient for processes that are very iterative and processes that run infrequently, the more complex processes.Certainly the organizations were coming to realize that such process maps in themselves were not sufficient people talked a lot about process re-engineering and all they ever did was diddle around with process maps, and they didnt really get the big picture.IJOPM 17,9andwe have used a flow-charting methodology widely deployed across the friendshipwe have still got a lot of problems though in terms of processes gathering dust on the shelf.890 in any case, while the organizations recognized the need to specify processes at a lower place their high level processes, the need certainly did not emerge to map all processes to the same level or detail. It would be u nusual to go to an entity and show all the processes in detail to all depths.In general, the drive appeared to be to use business process management more as a semipermanent and living tool than just a remedial tool for short-term, tactical issues. Long-term plans were needed for processes to alter the process owners to focus on the future requirements of their processes. Also there was the need to develop methodologies other than flowcharting to support a more holistic approach to business process management, and to directly consider the process of managing processes. organizational structuring Much has been written about the role of processes in structuring organizations and, in particular, the development of horizontal organizations structured purely around processes2,19,20.In general, the organizations interviewed in this research appeared to be taking a less radical view. Instead they had developed hyaloplasm-based organizations between functions and processes, and tended to adjust their functional structure to align with their identified processes. They thus saw processes as simply another dimension of the organization structure21. Indeed they seemed to have implicitly equilibrated the dimensions of autonomy/co-ordination,motivation/ control and efficiency/learning22 and in doing so derived the matrix structure. This perhaps also reflects other organizational paradoxes23. Their reasoning was influenced by a view that personal relationships were the key to effective organizations, as much as the formal, enforce structure. Processes were seen to provide a framework for these relationships in terms of building understanding and common approach across the organization.This framework was reported to help establish imagine-so in a structured way, matching level of empowerment with control and support. Hence the entering of the process dimension into their structure. However, they were un go forthing to do away(p) with the functional dimension, due to the perception that functions better supported the actual personal relationships within the framework of processes and better supported specialist expertise people dont needfully align with processes, they align with other people, and entities and organizations. People dont go to parties on processesandif you start bashing on about process organizations, and youve got to do away with the silos, and the function and so onyoure denying it in a way something to do with that relationship side of things.This has a resonance with reports that transmits to process-based organizations Implications of can be useless if the personal relationship and cultural aspects are business process overlooked24. management These matrix structures were regarded as relatively unstable13 with a tendency to drift back to a functional structure, or to move too far towards a process focus, but the organizations saw the role of their quality professionals 891 as the catalyst to ensure balance between functions and processes. More interesting is that, in these matrix-based organizations, there appeared to be no desire to move towards a purely process-based structure, with the matrix recognized as a desirable state, enabling constant and efficient reorganization through its flexibility.Inevitably the matrix adds complexity, but it seems that these organizations are willing to trade this complexity against the flexibility and personal relationship aspects supported by the matrix structure. One organization did, however, report atotally process-based structure, and this did appear to support a high degree of rest against the complexity of the matrix approach. There may therefore be value for organizations in explicitly considering the trade-offs between processes and functions in forming their approach. Regardless of the process/function structure, the approach of process groups and process owners at different levels of the processes was common. Cultural fit Culture is an ambiguous concept w hich is difficult to define25. However, most organizations have some notion of their culture, and this was the case in all four organizations, where culture had an implicit meaning. It is an important concept in thinking about organizations since people and processes must combine to produce output. However, within the organizations, processes were not seen as a constraint, rather, as reported above, as providing a framework for empowerment.There emerged a general view that the overall approach to business process management needed to fit initially with the culture of the organization, and allow that culture to be maintained, at least in the short term. This is not to say that there was not a longer-term objective to address culture, but culture drove the appropriate initial approach thats why it works well, because were a highly empowered organization, and a team of people are comfortable working as a team, so bringing them together for a process team is perfectly easy all we had t o do was teach them the tools to do it and a bit of flowcharting and away they go. But that fits well with the culture.This is in strict contrast to some business process re-engineering approaches which may often be insensitive to culture or may have an immediate objective of changing culture26. Where BPR was deployed in the organizations it tended to be positioned as part of the overall approach to business process management, for example, alongside process stabilization and continuous improvement, rather than instead of. When used in this context, there were examples of culture change for smaller organization groupings. There were alsoIJOPM 17,9892examples where the failure of BPR initiatives was directly attributed to a culture within the organization which so strongly supported constant, but incremental, change that radical change, as proposed by BPR was rejected. All four of the organizations embraced TQM and, in particular, continuous improvement. The concept and language of teams and teams of teams27 featured strongly, with rewards and science often linked to team performance. The formation of cross-functional teams in improving processes happened naturally in these organizations, and appeared critical to the success of their approach in managing processes. Improvement through business process management Unsurprisingly the interviews supported a drive within the organizations to constantly improve processes and this is reflected in the above discussions of culture.Examples of specific approaches included the use of benchmarking to understand and set best practices and the development of compendiums and databases of best practices and the linkage of improvements to assessments against European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM), Baldrige and other quality models. While BPR was clearly used in some of the organizations (indeed Texas Instruments and Rank Xerox are well known for their re-engineering work) this tended to be talked about more at the process simplification or process improvement end of the spectrum of definitions placed on BPR28-30 you would not change the overall process radically in a short space of time, but for people (in the process) I think it is a drastic step.andI would not anticipate the total process radically changing over a short space of time because one could not manage it, so you have to move forward in sizeful steps at each part of the process.One organization reported benefits through using human resource professionals alongside process engineers on BPR projects to keep some sanity in what the re-engineering was doing. measuring rod and business process management Measurement is a key principle to managing processes18 with the need to identify trends, assess stability, determine whether customer requirements are actually met and drive improvement.This was confirmed by the interviewsand measurement emerged as central to undefeated approaches to business process management. There seemed to be a genuine attitude of living and breathing measurement within the organizations if you cant actually get good metrics you wont manage a process, so its absolutely fundamental to managing a process.andif we dont define the metrics weve had it.Increasing importance was being given to customer satisfaction and customer Implications of loyalty measures and there was a recognition of the importance of create business process efficiency measures for the processes as opposed to just measuring whether management processes actually delivered. There was also a drive towards examining the tails of distributions of the measures (process variation) not just average values, consistent with the view of statistical process control31,32. 893 One danger that was reported is related to the level issues discussed above detailed measures were implemented into lower-level process maps, directly related to processes, as one would hope however, this resulted in a large number of measures that it was then d ifficult to prioritize, because, at a higher level, measures had not been (or had not been properly) defined.A particularly interesting approach to measurement was in one organization where they had established business fundamentals as performance measures on key processes, deployed worldwide and at all levels. All professional staff in the organization have business fundamentals which are deliverable, cost, customer or people measures, but self-driven measurements rather than management-driven measurements. These business fundamentals are linked to the key processes, and individuals self-assess their progress against these, using a simple rating scale. Every backside there is then a formal review across the organization against the business fundamentals.The same approach is used to track individual performance, performance against plans, and process performance, providing an integrated approach to measurement across the organization, and a strong illustration of integrating proces s measures with other organizational measures. Process categorization Different categorizations of processes have been proposed in the literature28. Forexample the CIM-OSA Standards33 use the categorization of manage, operate and support. In describing processes we have found a categorization into operational, support, direction view and managerial processes to be recyclable (see Figure 1). The separation of direction setting and managerial processes is driven by two considerationsOperationalManagerial Direction setting SupportFigure 1. salmagundi of business processesIJOPM 17,9894(1) on a practical level models, such as the EFQM model, adopted by organizations, separately identify leadership from policy and strategy locution and (2) the strategy literature regards development of strategy as a process in its own right34,35. Operational processes are the way in which work gets through within an organization, to produce goods and services. These processes are the ones which have b een the subject of much of the focus to date in TQM and BPR. They run across the organization and are associated with outcomes such as product development or order fulfilment. They are recognized in the ideas of integrated supply chains and logistics and in simultaneous engineering and are part of justin-time approaches. The same ideas for improvement in flow and reduction in cycle times come through into service organizations in the practices of BPR. Support processes are those which enable the operational processes.They are concerned with the provision of support technology, or systems, with personnel and human resource management, and with accounting management. Direction-setting processes are concerned with setting strategy for the organization, its markets and the fix of resources as well as managing change within the organization. Direction-setting processes involve a mix of the prescribed steps within a formal planning process and also less well-definedframeworks. Managerial processes are to some extent superordinate to the other categories and contain the decision-making and communication activities. For example, the entrepreneurial, competence-building and renewal processes proposed by Ghoshal and Bartlett20 are managerial processes. Some organizations have tried to formalize these processes and have adopted a structured approach to, for example, decision making and communication. This categorization, like any other, does not necessarily fit with the view taken by all organizations (for example, some organizations would position the direction setting processes as part of their operational processes) but it provides a useful framework for discussion of the research findings, and for describing propositions for further research.Discussion and propositions arising from the research The six clusters identified in the findings of organization co-ordination process definition, organization structuring, cultural fit, improvement and measurement can be cons idered in the light of these process definitions. The issue of process definition at a top level is a view of how organizations work to satisfy strategic intents. The translation of top-level architecture into an operational reality is influenced by aspects of organizational culture which affect both organizational co-ordination and organizational structure. In no cases is the disappearance of functions apparent rather the functional organization is replaced by a matrix structure. This form of organizational structure derives its co-ordinating strength from the formation of cross-functional teams. The issues ofmeasurement and improvement reflected in the findings reinforce the need for Implications of effective measurement which drives process improvement in a form which co- business process ordinates and prioritizes activity something which many organizations find management difficult. The findings suggest that taking a business process management approach is one way to overcome so me of the difficulties. It is our observation that organizations in draw close business process 895 management tend to initially address their operational processes, then move to focus on support processes, while continuing to improve their operational processes, and next to focus on direction setting processes while continuing to improve operational and support processes.Thus there is a law of similarity to the operations managementsandcone model, as proposed by Ferdows and De Meyer36, used to show that cost reduction relies on the cumulative foundation of improvement in objectives. We propose that an organizations approach to process management is similarly constituted by its approach across process categories, and that to build a stable sandcone the approach to, first, operational processes must be created (see Figure 2). This proposal has practical value, since it is the operational processes that directly impact on customers and so can yield quick benefits. Thus trouble to th e operational processes ensures capability of delivery attention then moves to encompass support processes, since these in turn ensure the capability of the operational processes attention to the direction setting processes recognizes that capability can only be maintained with good direction setting. The superordinate nature of managerial processes positions them outside the sandcone, with influences from the other categories.This sandcone model for business processes implies further propositions based on our findings. P1 As organizations develop their approach to business process management, moving through the sandcone, the appropriateness of techniques will change. Flowcharting methods are well tested in understanding operational and some support processes. However, the organizations in this phase of our research were discovering that such methods were inflexible for other types of process.Operational Operational + support Operational + support + direction settingFigure 2. A sand cone model for developing approaches to business process managementIJOPM 17,9896The appropriate methodology for understanding the managerial and directionsetting processes may lie in the fields of systems thinking37 and business dynamics38 and the shape of a process for managing such processes needs further attention. Thus the appropriateness of soft mapping techniques increases as an organization moves through the sandcone. P2 Asorganizations move through the sandcone there is an increasing impact on organization structure, with the need to address structural changes to reap the benefits from the process approach. more and more organizations will need to consider organization design as an explicit, rather than implicit, activity to ensure organizational effectiveness. This need not necessitate a move towards a complete process-based structure, but may mean a trade-off between process and functional structures39. This trade-off includes the need to consider factors such as personal relationships and cultural aspects. For example, in some organizations a purely processbased structure will be appropriate while in others the process-function matrix approach will be best utilized.P 3 We propose that there is an increasing need for maturity in TQM throughout the organization to ensure a successful process paradigm, as the organization moves through the sandcone. This raises the immediate question as to whether TQM is a necessity before a process-based approach can be effectively initiated. Certainly all organizations in this phase of our research had developed a TQM-based culture. It also raises questions as to whether the continual application of the radical end of the BPR spectrum28-30 makes it impossible to address all process categories, with the associated lack of care for the human dimension and resulting demoralized workforce. P4 We propose that the degree of co-ordination across the organization increases with moves through the sandcone. As the process ap proach spreads through the sandcone it forces the question of what integration actually means for an organization and clarifies the requirements for coordination.This is readily understood for operational processes, with a key element being the elimination of barriers to flow. The co-ordination includes the need for a co-ordinated approach to measurement (an example is illustrated in the measurement section above). Further implications for operations management There is a clear message emerging from this research of the need to manage the boundaries between the categories of processes and between the processes themselves. The appropriate approach will be determined by the category of process being turn to and organizations may find the sandcone logic useful in placing their current position. There are different requirements at different points in the sandcone knowledge and understanding of process flowcharting techniques at one end of the spectrum through to knowledge andunderstand ing of softer mapping techniques the need to consider the Implications of appropriate organization structure and trade-offs between process- and business process function-based structures the degree of maturity in TQM the degree of comanagement ordination desirable and possible and, in particular, the need for a co-ordinated approach to measurement. The research supports a view that there is a need to consider performance 897 improvement methods and concepts such as TQM, lean production and supply and agile manufacturing in a wider context, as applied to all business processes, and not just operational processes with the associated need to manage the interfaces between operations management and other disciplines. References 1. 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Davenport, T.H., Process insane asylum Re-engineering Work through Information Technology, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993. 10. Macdonald, J., Together TQM and BPR are winners, The TQM Magazine, Vol. 7 No. 3, 1995, pp. 21-5. 11. Mumford, E. and Hendricks, R., Business proc ess re-engineering RIP, People Management, 2 may 1996, pp. 22-9. 12. Hinterhuber, H.H., Business process management the European approach, Business Change & Re-engineering, Vol. 2 No. 4, 1995, pp. 63-73. 13. Armistead, C. and Grant, A., Business process management the future of presidential terms?, Proceedings of the troika European Academic Conference on Business Process Redesign, Cranfield University, 21-22 February 1996.14.Strauss, A. and Corbin, J., Basics of Qualitative Research, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, 1990. 15. Eden, C., Cognitive mapping, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 36, 1988, pp. 1-13. 16. Browning, J., The power of process redesign, McKinsey Quarterly, Vol. 1, pp. 47-58, 1993. 17. Tucker, M., Successful Process Management in a Week, Headway-Hodder & Stoughton, Sevenoaks, Kent, 1996. 18. Melan, E., Process management a unifying framework, National Productivity Review, 1989, Vol. 8, pp. 395-406. 19. Stewart, T., The search for the organisation of tomorro w, Fortune, May 1992, pp. 91-8.IJOPM 17,989820. Ghoshal, S. and Bartlett, C., Changing the role of top management beyond structure to processes, Harvard Business Review, January-February 1995, pp. 86-96. 21. Galbraith, J.R., Designing Organisations, Jossey & Bass, San Francisco, CA, 1995. 22. Hendry, J., Process reengineering and the dynamic balance of the organisation, European Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1, March 1995. 23. Cameron, K.S., Effectiveness as paradox consensus and conflict in conceptions of organisational effectiveness, Management Science, Vol. 32 No. 5, May 1986, pp. 539-53. 24. Majchrzak, A. and Wang, Q., break the functional mind-set in process organisations, Harvard Business Review, September-October 1996, pp. 93-9. 25. Kroeber and Kluckhohn, Culture a critical review of concepts and definitions, Harvard University papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 47, 1952. 26. Ascari, A., Rock, M. and Dutta, S., Reengineering and organi sational change lessons from a proportional analysis of company experiences, European Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1, March 1995. 27. OBrien, D. and Wainwright, J., Winning as a team of teams transforming the mindset of the organisation at National and Provincial Building Society, The Journal of Corporate Transformation, Vol. 1 No. 3, 1993. 28. Childe, S.J., Maull, R.S. and Bennett, J., Frameworks for understanding business process re-engineering, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 14 No. 12, 1994, pp. 22-34. 29.Coulson-Thomas, C.J., Business process re-engineering the development requirements and implications, Executive Development, Vol. 8 No. 2, 1995, pp. 3-6. 30. Crawley, W.J., Mekechuk, B.J. and Oickle, G.K., Powering up for change, CA Magazine, June/July 1995, pp. 33-8. 31. Deming, W.E., Out of Crisis, Cambridge University Press, 1986. 32. Wheeler, D.J., Understanding Variation The reveal to Managing Chaos, SPC Press, Knoxville, TN, 1993. 3 3. CIM-OSA Standards, CIM-OSA Reference Architecture, AMICE ESPRIT, 1989. 34. Araujo, L. and Easton, G., Strategy where is the pattern?, Organisation, Vol. 3 No. 3, 1996, pp. 361-83. 35. Segal-Horn, S. and Bowman, C., Strategic management and BPR, in Managing Business Processes BPR and Beyond, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1996, pp. 85-101. 36. Ferdows, K. and De Meyer, A., Lasting improvement in manufacturing performance in search of a new theory, INSEAD Working Paper, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, 1989. 37. Senge, P.M., The Fifth Discipline, Century Business, London, 1990. 38. Davies, M., Business dynamics business process re-engineering and systems dynamics, in Managing Business Processes BPR and Beyond, John Wiley, New York, NY, 1996, pp. 215-42. 39. Armistead, C.G. and Rowland, P., Managing Business Processes BPR and Beyond, John Wiley, New York, NY, 1996, pp. 39-61.

Growing Acme Fireworks Essay

There is much to consider when expanding a business. How will you discombobulate, market, and distribute your product. Are you willing to take intact liability for your product and understanding the legalities of what exits if your product is defective? Once that has been established, its important to make sure that your business dealings are in order. The strength of the beat and what all it entails. Knowing that the legal document is important more than so when things tend to go downhill. Above all is deciding which type of business entity the guild will select especially if the comp all starts come forward small and looks to expand. Which entity will best serve the put upth of the party such as Acme Fireworks? somewhat years ago I watched a movie called fight club. The movie dealt with a ton of social issues. One of the characters worked for a gondola car company that would disappear out their employers out to the areas where in that location were car accidents. They worked almost as an insurance adjuster that would come and app nip and tuck a vehicle once it has been in a wreck and determine, based on the damages how much they would award the car owner.However in the case here the employees would view accidents all over the verdant and decide if it would cost more to recall the product or pay the total fee for the said accident. If the cost was too much to do a recall because the company would take responsibility for the accident if a law suit is brought forth, however if it is cheaper to recall then the necessary actions would be taken to recall the malfuncti cardinald part. Knowing this it is important that we label the products and its proper uses so if there is an issue then it fag be said that the manufacture warned the consumer. In this way, any injury would not be the fault of Acme Fireworks, but the consumer. Just as the example with the cars above, if someone lights a firecracker in a military press and the firecracker goes off a nd injures the person then the company is not li sufficient being that it is neglecton the part of the consumer (Rogers, 2012). Now if the same individual uses the firework outside in an open area as is utter on the label and they light the firecracker and it goes off in their hand as presently as the fuse is lit, then that is negligence on behalf of Acme. It must be understood that regardless of the product used, all products retain the potential to cause consumer violate (Anthony, 1995).So that is why it is important to make sure everything from the development of the fireworks to the warning labels direct been gone over to make sure that the product is not faulty. If a fuse is too short in a product or if the material used to cause the firecracker to explode is too much then that is a defectively manufactured product. An some other issue could also be the type of firework that is made. Lets say for instance that one of the products has the dip to go off in extreme temperatu res and is purchased and sendd in areas of storage when the temperatures extreme then that is negligence on the consumer, however if the consumer was not made awake of this by the manufacture then the liability falls to the company. I recall about three years ago when I was in a car accident. Our brakes that we had from the car company had been recalled. We were sent notices in the mail, phone, and email about the recall and were told to bring our vehicle in to make sure the brakes were not faulty and if they were they could be fixed free of charge. The deadline came and went a after it expired I was in a car wreck. I was making a cristal in the rain and slammed my brakes and they were locked. I had the repair work done on the vehicle and was told that the brakes were faulty.I informed the dealership of the issue and was told that the company was no longer liable because the deadline had passed. I was outraged and demanded to shoot a lawsuit against the company, however there a re deadlines and limitations to when a suit can be filed and in the state of Georgia, you have up to a year to file such claim. I missed it by 3 months and was unable to file suit against the manufacturer (Day, 2014). Another import issues are the withers. There are 5 basic elements to a contract Offer, acceptance, Consideration, Legality and Capacity (Rogers, 2012). Other retailers stated to the owner of Acme Fireworks that they penuryed a certain amount of orders filled on a regular bases for an undisclosed time frame and a footing was agreed upon, this is the acceptance and offer portion of the contract. The offeror, which in this case are the large retailers, makes an offer which once accepted byAcme Fireworks, creates a screening contract. Acceptance must be in some way agreed by all participants it may be verbal, symbolical, oral or written. The came from the retailers, they had a want from Acme to manufacture a product for them at a certain cost (Stim, 2010). Consideratio n is another element of a contract and what consideration brings to the card ask the whys and whats Why are we entering the contract and are you receiving? In this case Acme gets more money by being able to produce its products and grow their brand and the other retailers receive fireworks from Acme.However in this instance the owner of Acme may have taken on a task bigger than himself. This is a company with only 15 workers and to fill the orders with the parvenue retailers, more employees study to be hired. Not only do they need to be hired, but they need to be trained as well. This must be done while filling out the orders. Here there is not much consideration given by the owner. How many employees do we need, how much will the work flow increase, and how long will we have a contract with the other retailers. No time period was given for the contract. Will this just be one order or is this something that will go on annually. What happen if the orders are not filled on a timely manner is the contract then void? Another question to ask is the efficiency and legality of a contract. Capacity to contract means the legal competence of a person to enter into a valid contract. Usually the capacity to contract refers to the capacity to enter into a legal agreement and the competence to perform some act. The basic element to enter into a valid contract is that s/he much has a pass mind. Recently there was an issue with an owner of the L.A. Clippers making comments about minorities. The group of owners in the league wanted him to sell his team.He didnt want to sell and wanted to fight it, however it came out that he does not have the mental faculties to run the organization or make business decision so that responsibility was given to his wife. It came out that he has dementia, but he is fighting this claim as well. Once it is established if he can mentally make these decisions then the wife will not be able to go into discussions to purchase the franchise legal ly. Acme has 15 full time employees as it stands now. This is without the orders for the new retailers. What we know is that the owner guaranteed that we can take on more business, not considering the staff that we currently have. For the orders to be filled we would have to take on more labor force. Before thiscan be done we have to first consider what we have now. We currently have 15 people employed by Acme, to fill the new orders do we take on double or triple the size? If we do take on more people, would it be something on permanent or temporary bases? Employment is very important when business is involved.There are many things to consider when a workforce is involved. When it comes with dealing with explosives it is important that we consider vexing individuals who have experience with working with explosives and are well trained as well. This will cost more money for the company when it comes to hiring individuals that are trained to handle explosives. So these cant be regul ar workers that one can find at a temp agency. However, we do not know how long to hire these individuals because there is no clarity as to the length of the contract, so the types of workers that we would have to hire would have to come through labor force agencies (Smith, V., & Neuwirth, E.B., 2009). The great thing about a temp agency is the large pool of people that they have to drive from. There are times when many corporations view temp agency workers as people who are unskilled, however with the types of agencies that are around today, they can find highly skilled individuals that many companies would be hard pressed to do, being that they would have to exhaust many resources to do so.It has to be understood that this business started out of a garage a couple years ago and is now grown into a company that employees 15 people on staff. Now with the new revenue that will come into the company, Acme Fireworks will have to expand. Acme is a sole proprietorship owned by one indiv idual. This is the simplest organization social structure to have. There is less paperwork as well as the tax implications. If there is a loss for that year you can use this loss to offset your other income on your personal return (Fishman, 2014). Though operating as a sole proprietorship is easier, it can also have some setbacks as well. The principal(prenominal) problem is that theres no separation between the individual and the business with the sole proprietorship. That means that if something should happen in the business, like taking on huge contracts with no clear time line and limited planning and staff, youd be personally liable. For example, if Acme Fireworks business is ever sued or runs into pecuniary trouble, the owner would be personally on the hook and creditors and lawsuits can come after yourpersonal assets.That is an issue because if the company profits go to offset the debt, there is little to no money to run the company properly, expand, or take care of the em ployees. This is just one of the many things to consider when changing your business entity as well as deciding on what is best for the company as a whole. Acme Fireworks started out of a garage, like most businesses it is difficult to raise capital or arranging long term financing because of fewer assets. Also there is one voice and one view which can affright big business opportunities away. This is why a Sole Proprietorship for the future of Acme Fireworks would not be feasible. Being in this type of entity makes it hard to expand. To grow and expand a company needs a formal business structure. So the choice is which entity to choose? With such an undertaking in such a short time, the risk would cause a sole owner to want to form an LLC or incorporate his or her business.In the case of Acme Fireworks, it would be best to change the business entity to a corporation. With the promise of product to these new large retailers, Acme Fireworks would need more capital to grow the busine ss as well as purchase the necessary material to make sure the new orders are able to fill as well as fulfilling former obligations to the other retailers that we have business with. Choosing this entity protects the owner from legal liability, gives the ability to attract more investors through stocks, and has more structure where there is not just one voice for the business. The juxtaposition to this is the tax liability and the time and how much it cost to incorporate, unlike a sole proprietorship, incorporating a business takes much more paperwork, as well as fees that need to be paid to the state the business is in. One of the silver linings for the employees is that even if something happens to the owner, or if he or she retires, the corporation will still be in tact unlike sole proprietorships.There are many things to consider when it comes to running a company, expanding it, and notice it flourish. There are many businesses that started out in a small garage, Steve Jobs, B ill Gates, even men like John D. Rockefeller. However, growth cannot take place without determination and risk. The best way to make sure that your ready to expand is to be sure where you want to take the company and have a sound plan as to the pure tones one will take to get there. Once you have a vision and financial backing thenext step is to decide which type of business entity you want to be. There are many entities to choose from and no one is greater than the next. Its all about how you want to mold and model your business.ReferenceAnthony, S. (1995). Warning marketers must do better with product warnings. Marketing News, (13). 4. DAY, J. A. (2014). Protecting Yourself from Statutes of Repose. Tennessee Bar Journal, 50(1), 33-34. Fishman, S. (2014). CHAPTER 2 Choosing the Legal Form for Your Business. In , Working for Yourself (pp. 15-54). Nolo. Smith, V., & Neuwirth, E. B. (2009). Temporary Help Agencies and the Making of a New Employment Practice. Academy Of Management Per spectives, 23(1), 56-72. doi10.5465/AMP.2009.37008003