Interest Groups

Interest Groups: 15. 3. 2013 Globalization occurring at rapid speeds is having vast affects on the Canadian political system. The strong emergence and growing influence of interest groups, gained through institutionalization and immense monetary funding have proven to become a direct threat to political parties in the modern age. This essay will primarily discuss, â€Å"Pressure Groups: Talking Chameleons† written by Paul Pross.Following, the analysis of the article, â€Å"Wilderness Politics in BC: The Business Dominated State and the Containment of Environmentalism† written by Jeremy Wilson. And finally, discuss and evaluate the vital contents of both articles in relation to other academic sources. Paul Pross identifies that modern governments in Canada have problems communicating with the public sector. Public debate was originally controlled by the government, however in the early 1970’s policymaking became more of a public process.Governments could no longe r insist on withholding valuable information, and the public insisted on increased transparency. Electronic media has proven to be a large contributor in the sense that it has created an environment encouraging public participation and the notion of making groups less dependent on bureaucracies. This resulting in a diffusion of power, granting more influence to the public sector. Prior to the emergence of these interest groups, political parties were the main vehicle enabling citizens to channel their concerns mainly by elections and enabling communication to and from the government.Political parties alone would not suffice to account for the entire populations aggregated demands and thus governments continue to further support pressure groups to battle the constant problem of communication. Interest groups simply emerged as individuals acting together and attempting to influence public policy in the direction of their common interests. In some cases what originated as little organi zations has now emerged into influential contributors to the policy making process. This raising concern that the Canadian democratic system is threatened by these emerging interests groups.Pross emphasizes that unless interest groups have access to substantial resources, their influence will be insignificant in most cases. Another factor which causes for some interest groups to survive and other to fail in the political system is undergoing the process of institutionalization. Pross defines an institution as a sophisticated entity, in which members have structured relationships, and collectively attempt to achieve a common goal. As Philip Selznick says, â€Å"As the institutionalization progresses the enterprise†¦ becomes peculiarly competent to do a particular type of work. The process of constant adaptation, and establishing connections to the government officials is of immense value in order for an interest group to partake in the policy process. The sub government process es the policy issues, it consists mainly of government agencies however interest groups and large corporations are also included to a certain extent. The degree of inclusion is debatable however the interest groups are guaranteed â€Å"a seat on the table† and thus consult with the government on a daily basis.Ideally the interest groups gain influence in policy decision and thus for the benefit of the government can successfully accomplish the citizens aggregate demands. However as of 1993 party activists began to criticize the influence of interest groups since they were constantly winning concessions over political parties. There was a large amount of party antipathy coming mostly from the government itself in the sense reducing direct funding to interest groups, and limiting advertising groups during election periods.Kim Campell was a great contributor towards reducing the influence of interest groups, as she remarks, â€Å" Interest groups are no longer useful adjuncts t o the political system, but a direct competition rival to political parties. † The notion of interest groups superseding political parties, and serving as the main channel to communicate with the government had become true. In this globalized world, Pross identifies the challenge between interest groups and political parties as inevitable. He metaphorically describes interest groups as â€Å"talking chameleon† this explains the superiority of interest groups to a certain extent.Unlike political parties, interest groups and corporations, are not specifically interested in the occurrence of certain locations, they plant themselves in many places, furthermore they have the ability to draw funds from around the world. Another factor making the political party inferior is its longstanding values, territorial basis restricting it from expansion since political parties aim to accomplish control of legislative. Hence since the legislature is based on a territorial perimeter, th e rest of the political party body must follow in this direction.In contrast to some interest groups, political parties have not fully been able to achieve a system which incorporates the public into the policy making process. Pross questioned whether the fragmentation of the political parties endangers long-standing institutions, or if this merely is the politics of the new age. Canada has witnessed the emergence of a new public philosophy â€Å"pluralism† started taking the place of the previous representative parliamentary democracy. Pluralism emphasizes the collaboration between government and interest groups.Ideally members of private groups exchange ideas and negotiate with government civil servants. The second article written by Jeremy Wilson focuses on how the British Columbian governments responds in regard to the so called environmentalist movement starting 1975 to 1989. The timber and paper industry is of vast importance to the economy of British Columbia. Most of the timber is Crown owned, and distributed to companies under long contracts, these licenses are easily renewable. Hence environmentalist protest against this established hierarchy.They argue in favor of tenure alternations and demand more caution regarding the protection of British Colombia’s wildlife. Environmentalists demand the forest areas to be protected and transformed into parks however corporations claim this is unwise use of the land. The article Global Spin by Sharon Beder analyzes the notion of anti-environmentalism. As mentioned in Wilsons article Beder, â€Å"reveals the deceptive and unethical underpinnings of the â€Å"wise use† movement, industry front groups, contrarian think tanks, multinational public relation firms, and media establishments. regulations. As Wilsonhad mentioned, the interest groups were arguing against the single use of areas, as they promoted multiple use which further legitimized their corporate use of forrest areas. These concer ns are very problematic for the forest corporations as an alternation of the tenure regulations would directly alter the value of the commodity and thus damage the economy as a whole. Timber companies, began to heavily lobby against these proposed suggestions, using there extensive wealth to battle environmentalist’s claims.These forest corporations, have extensive resources, a continuing organizational structure consisting of established professionals familiar to the governmental processes to represent their aggregate demands. According to R. V. Smith â€Å"Forest tenures and timber supply and the commitments by which those tenures are held are the fundamental asset by which potential investors or lenders judge the viability of a company. † It became clear that the security of timber was the priority for forest corporations.Thus the conservative stance of forest corporations claimed that the environmentalists were putting at risk a â€Å"system that has long legitimi zed a profitable traffic in rights to Crown resources. † Hence as could be expected the corporations heavily campaigned against the emerging environmental movement by adopting a hardline attitude; one sign of retreat will automatically result in further demands. Environmentalist movement pursuing redistributive politics in British Columbia challenged the establishment.These new groups want a share of the pie which was a strictly closed community consisting of; â€Å"Ministry of Forests (MOF), cabinet committee having ultimate responsibility for resolving land use disputes and the 10 or 12 major forest companies that hold tenure rights to over 60% of BC’s forest lands. This challenge resulted in minor alternations and corporations are no longer unchallenged, however this is a prime example in parallel the previously mentioned quote by Selznick; â€Å"in order for pressure groups to carry out their functions they need to become peculiarly competent. The institutionalize d pressure groups have immense power which are difficult to challenge, especially in the Forest industry of British Columbia. Hence the challenges of the environmentalist were everything but a paradigm shift. It appears that policy makers are under sever constraints from policies adopted by previous governments. There are deep rooted problems beginning with the fact that the process concerning resource management being a closed matter to the public. Furthermore provincial legislators playing no role in decision-making process, thus the power is held in the hands of cabinet ministers and other officials.Environmentalists groups like the Western Canada Wilderness Committee began to adopt the approach of a â€Å"moral call out† appealing on an emotional level to the citizens’ regard the environment. In addition their arguments mainly suggested that tourism would decreases as lumbering prevails. Even though the citizens are now collectively assisting as a bureaucracy they have no virtual political power in the decision making process. Most of the environmentalist movements is funded out of members due, or paid individually. None of the groups considered in the article has sufficient funds to support media advertising campaigns, or maintain a full time lobbyist in Victoria. † Quite similar to the analysis of Pross, Wilson clearly defines that money plays a large role in the power dynamics between governments, corporations and environmentalists. Another key factor to note is that since the 1982 adoption of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, interest groups have resorted to utilizing the process of litigation. Litigation under the charter is now partially funded by the government, in programs such as the â€Å"Court Challenges Program. The answer is not as simple according to Paul Pross; In the optimal case interest groups offer access to the political decisions, which were originally, influenced by elites, hence establishing a new soci al order. However in 1992 there was a fair degree of constitutional discussion, questioning whether or not to fully include women Aboriginal groups and other minority groups into policy making process. At first many were for the groups inclusion, however others feared that the re-ordering of social power portrayed by the Charlottetown accord.The aboriginal women groups attempted to achieve redistribution of power and saw this as an opportunity to partake in the constitutional debate. Unfortunately people developed a radical bias which primarily associated fragmentation process to the attempts of this group, even though they were following the footsteps of more â€Å"established interest, † In fact the gross part of the debate is dominated by the institutionalized groups a majority of these specifically representing business interests.The political process has become very diffuse, it has become difficult to differentiate between individual and public interests, and there have been cases of interest groups especially corporations establishing themselves by institutionalizing and extensive lobbying, and are thus dominating in certain policy processes. A consensus is established than overall interest groups are an effective method of getting to the public, however some groups have extensively developed into structures, giving them superiority and priority over other interests.This in Canada has lead to a sharp decline of the political party and a increase of interest groups. Wilson in his article describes a sheer decrease in motivation of the environmentalist, since there continuous attempts had little affects on public policy. Furthermore the structuring of Wilderness politics has put nominated preservation candidates into the foreground placing environmentalists at a disadvantage. This structure ignored the environmentalists’ claims to a small portion of the remaining wilderness, and furthermore creates the illusion that they are greedy. We gave t hem South Moresby, now they want Stein. † In summary of both articles and additional sources, it can be said that main themes continue to re-occur. Initially interest groups were a great access tool for governments, to communicate with the public sector, however after the diffusion of powers in Canada, some interest groups have attained extensive powers. These groups have achieved this by undergoing the process of institutionalization at rapid speeds differentiating themselves in terms to influence compared to environmentalist groups for instance.The corporations are now so established and reluctant to give into any environmentalist’s demands. IN addition Interests groups typically establish ongoing relationships with the departments of government corresponding to their interest, this is also known as â€Å"elite accommodation† has become very common in Canadian politics. The only solution which remains for environmentalist groups is to rise and attain power by; developing a cohesive inter group structure, institutionalizing and possibly merging with other interest groups to broaden the monetary funding established through increased membership.Environmentalist can thus employ professional lawyers and other personal to lobby on their behalf. The future entails many possibilities; on one hand the environmentalists groups could successfully expand their influence to eventually restructuring forest land use policy and thus would demonstrate how interest groups are not necessarily monopolistic and how there is room at the table for new comers. However the problem of the economy remains; one could pose the question of how a decrease in the revue caused by enforced regulations by environmentalist would be compensated to British Columbia economy as a whole? ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Paul Pross, Pressure Groups: Talking Chameleons. (Nelson, 1995): pp. 263s . [ 2 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 263. [ 3 ]. Political demands of individual persons and corporations. [ 4 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 252. [ 5 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 257. [ 6 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 259. [ 7 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 260. [ 8 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 264. [ 9 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 265. [ 10 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 69. [ 11 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 269. [ 12 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 270. [ 13 ]. Hugh H. Thorburn, Interest Groups and Polic Policy in Canada. (Queen's law journal. 1988) pp. 447. [ 14 ]. Jeremy Wilson, Wilderness Politics in BC. (Missisagua, Ontario, 1989): pp. 142. [ 15 ]. Jeremy Wilson, op cit. , pp. 143. [ 16 ]. Beder, Sharon. Global spin: the corporate assault on environmentalism. Alternatives Journal25. 4 (Fall 1999): pp. 42. [ 17 ]. Jeremy Wilson, op cit. , pp. 143. [ 18 ].Jeremy Wilson, op cit. , pp. 143. [ 19 ]. Paul Pross, op cit. , pp. 260. [ 20 ]. Jeremy Wilson, op cit. , pp. 147. [ 21 ]. Jeremy Wilson , op cit. , pp. 151. [ 22 ]. Morton – Allen. Feminisits and the Courts: Measuring success in Interest Group Litigation in Canada. (Canadian Journal of Political Science, 2001) pp. 55. [ 23 ]. Jeremy Wilson, op cit. , pp. 167. [ 24 ]. Jeremy Wilson, op cit. , pp. 167. [ 25 ]. Hugh H. Thorburn, Interest Groups and Polic Policy in Canada. (Queen's law journal. 1988) pp. 445.

Religion…True or False? Essay

For many people religion represents a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. Within this commitment encompasses a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, practices or system of beliefs held to with ardor and reliance. In Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle, Vonnegut introduces a religion known as Bokononism, which epitomizes a standard foundation built upon nothing more than â€Å"foma! Lies!† (Vonnegut 191). Bokononism focuses on man’s need for a God, even though Vonnegut believes there is no such thing. He expresses his beliefs of Divine Province, while making fun of Christianity, satirizing the notion that all religions are nothing more than lies. Religion gives many people a feeling of security because they believe that a divine power watches over them and promises them salvation and either happiness or the chance to improve themselves in a life after death. Bokononism is a religion based on lies, while Christianity is a based around the life and teachings of Christ and the sacred scripture of the Bible. Hence, the question is whether or not society bases religion, mainly Christianity, upon nothing more than â€Å"foma† itself. Bokononism breathed life when first founded by a Negro man named Lionel Boyd Johnson. The name Bokonon surfaced due to the fact that it rendered to be the â€Å"pronunciation given the name Johnson in the island’s English dialect† (Vonnegut 108). Bokonon creates the religion for the people of a small Caribbean island called San Lorenzo; he then makes it a point that â€Å"he and his religion be outlawed, and that those caught practicing it [are] to be killed† (Lundquist 37) by punishment of being hanged on the dreaded hook. Such an atrocity becomes enacted so the people will be happy and totally content, for by taking part in the religion that all people on the island practice, they partake in a rebellious action and can take the focus from their horribly useless lives. The idea is for that the religion and the government to constantly oppose each other, with Bokonon the virtuous prohibit, hiding from it all. The doctrines that make up Bokononism consist of a â€Å"language itself [that] is amusing, [yet] serves to outline an approach to life that has considerable appeal† (Lundquist 37) in which assists in capturing the true essence behind the religion. Coincidentally resembling Jesus and the bible, Bokonon relies on his vast variety of language, and his Books of Bokonon. His language consists of several significant key concepts such as a karass, which is a â€Å"team [of people] that do[es] God’s will without ever discovering what they are doing† (Vonnegut 2), thus revealing that â€Å"if you find your life tangled up with somebody else’s life for no very logical reasons†, writes Bokonon, â€Å"that person may be a member of your karass† (Simons 45). In The Books of Bokonon, Bokonon mainly comprises them of calypsos and such on religion, life, and perceptions. More importantly however exists the theory of Dynamic Tension. Such a theory embodies the belief of good versus evil, and maintaining the ongoing tension between the two. To draw a parallel, is the incident of the Garden of Good and Evil within Christianity. Christianity happened to be instituted on the existence and philosophy of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ’s life began after he was baptized by Saint John when he thirty years old. He set out with a certain ambition, being that he sought to announce that â€Å"the Kingdom of God was coming, and that it had begun to arrive even as He announced it† (Callan 2). Jesus established this ambition both verbally and physically by utilizing His phenomenon and philosophies. In addition, Jesus also preformed many miracles, in which he made reputable as to the benefit of other people not Himself. Among such miracles include: changing water into wine, walking on the sea, healing sick people, alleviating the pain of the suffering, restoring sight to the blind, and restoring to the disabled people the ability to use their limbs again (Callan 2). Overall, most Christians of society believe that Jesus portrays the bona fide savior that will, in the end, resuscitate humanity. Bokononism starts with a creation event, which mocks the Christian creation account. In Bokonon’s tale of creation God creates man and woman out of mud, rather than dust, and he concludes by allowing them to define their own purpose. While the difference between dust and mud seem insignificant, the purpose for humanity may be quite different. Bokonon tells man that his purpose in life is defined by himself, and not by God. Here on the opposite end of this, Christianity holds that every person’s purpose in life bestows to bring honor and glory to God, whether provided by preaching the good news (Gospel) or by practicing good works toward man, and letting the glory of God shine outward through them (Callan 1). Compared to Christianity, Bokononism does not specifically talk of man’s fall into sin, however, it does somewhat infer that Bokonon first preached on the folly of understanding and the hollowness of truth and human stupidity, which he ultimately won the people of San Lorenzo over with. Bokonon preached on man’s sin right from the beginning, similar to what may be depicted through the garden of Good and Evil in Christianity. â€Å"As helpful as Bokononism [was], as devoid of false pieties as it [was], as concerned as it [was] with human decency and the necessity of having a sense of purpose† (Lundquist 39) it, in the end, is nothing more then the notion of living â€Å"life by the foma that make[s] you brave and kind and healthy and happy† (Simons 39). Christianity often refers to good works as the doctrine of Sanctification (Knight 5). This doctrine begins with the understanding that man is sinful, and will be sinful until the day he dies. Regardless of what man does or tries to accomplish on earth, he will always be sinful, and will continue to fall into sin lurching ever so quickly toward eternal death and damnation (Knight 5-6). Vonnegut seems to perceive, like many, that Christians feel because they are spotless before the eyes of the Lord, that they can thus do what they please. The Holy Spirit corroborates work in a Christian’s life, and may even be responsible for the faith which breeds within a Christian. The basic principle behind sanctification is that the death of Christ, which the Holy Spirit has given faith in, is the inspiration and the power which pushes a Christian to do good works. Hence, this encompasses the doctrine of daily life, one which a Christian yearns to practice every day, and yet may be constant ly faced with a road block, the road block of sin. â€Å"Bokononism is a philosophy of flow, resisting entropy and harrowing the fixities that reduce societies to monomaniacal obsessions† (Simons 47) of harmless untruths. Bokonon â€Å"worships the human above all other values,† (Simons 45); however, at the same time relishes in the fact that the joke of â€Å"maintaining order† through the religion of Bokononism, serves as a joke being played on humanity thus revealing human stupidity. Bokononism denotes the joke on Christianity, every characteristic of Bokononism can be designed to mock Christianity in some manner or another. Bokonon insists that his own religion, which he created, is filled with lies and based on nothing else, yet all of the Island of San Lorenzo believes in Bokonon (Lundquist 135). Ultimately, â€Å"Bokononism refuses to blink at the hard truth of a reality it cannot alter, it nevertheless fictionalizes that reality† (Simons 40). Bokononists have to hide their religion, because the world hates and despises them for their beliefs. Much akin to the Bokononists, who are condemned to an oath of silence, Christians have to hide their voices and beliefs as well. Christians over time have been forced into hiding, because they are not considered â€Å"politically correct† and Bokononists have been shoved into hiding so as not to touch the â€Å"souls† of their feet, known as the art of Boko-Maru (Vonnegut 135). Simultaneously, they all enter a hiding, a hiding from the world which hates what it does not know, and what it does not know is good, and love. On the whole, Christian faith portrays the notion about seeking and knowing Jesus Christ with all facets of the human character. It corresponds to loving Him with all your heart, mind, soul and strength; therefore, certain individualistic and legitimate fallacies are flip sides of an error to the concept of Christianity. Underlying the error of the individualistic fallacy is the presumption that Jesus demands on societies lives in which can be satisfied by societies own efforts. The legitimate fallacy holds that there are possibly some set of rules of behavior which can be kept to earn a way into Jesus’ favor. Then, the next step of the fallacy can be established by insisting that, as long as society keeps Jesus’ rules and, thus, please Him, they are free in all other things to live their lives in their own way, entirely for their benefit, without further considering Him. We all look for ways to please Jesus, and avoid eternal punishment by simply keeping rules, with minimal actual contact with Him and without ever giving ourselves to Him. Nevertheless, this does not work that way, and the result of society pursuing religion in this way is usually horrendous, and furthermore is not a religion based on â€Å"foma†, or a certain principle, but based on a relationship with Jesus Christ. Prepositional Phrase Subject Verb Infinitive Phrase Adverb Clause Participial Phrase Adj. Clause -ly Adverbs Conjunctive Adverb Gerund Phrase Works Cited Callan, Terrance D. â€Å"Jesus Christ.† 31 May 2003. . Knight, Kevin. â€Å"Catholic Encyclopedia: Character of Jesus Chris.† May 31 200. . Lundquist, James. Kurt Vonnegut. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1977. Simons, John L. â€Å"Tangled Up in You: A Playful Reading of Cat’s Cradle.† Kurt Vonnegut. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Vonnegut, Kurt. Cat’s Cradle. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1963.

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How can Amazon Web Services (AWS) reduce cost in the healthcare Term Paper

How can Amazon Web Services (AWS) reduce cost in the healthcare industry - Term Paper Example Additionally, the ever rising healthcare costs are one more concern that needs to be dealt with and also improving the quality of service to patients. Efforts are being made to try and reduce for patients and information technology acting as the primary enabler for this. It will be quite interesting to observe how these services will contribute towards and address these matters in the health industry. The aim of this paper is to discover the present-day state and trending of these services in the healthcare industry. Problem identification and definition Healthcare organizations and hospitals are experiencing difficult times, having to cope with increasing service and product demands within their inadequate budgets, while at the same time complying with healthcare restructurings and regulations. For all the inventions transforming the healthcare business, there is still one area where it remains nearly universally late; the application of information technology. Most healthcare syste ms are based on analogue workflows which comprises of paper-based health records, duplicated test results, and handwritten note which are usually inefficient and inconvenient in one way or another. As a result, information retrieval and updating remains slow, this in turn, leads to incompetent provision of treatment and patient care (Bower, 2012). Problem solution Amazon Web Services (also known as AWS) is a pool of remote computing services (that are also referred to as web services) that all together form a cloud computing platform and services, accessible over the Internet via Amazon.com (Tyrrell, 2009). Amazon Web Services provide a complete set of application services and infrastructure that enable one to run virtually anything in the cloud: this represents everything from big data projects and enterprise applications to mobile apps and social games. These services, to name a few include: the amazon simple storage services known as S3: Amazon S3 offers an extremely durable and accessible store for an assortment of content, extending from media files to web applications. It lets you offload your whole storage arrangement onto the cloud, where you can gain from Amazon S3’s pay-as-you-go pricing and scalability to manage your growing storage needs, distributing your content straight from Amazon S3. Another important service is the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, EC2, which allows the renting of virtual computers to, different users, which to run their personal computer applications. A user can launch, create and terminate server instances paying for the services by the hour therefore the term elastic. Another valuable amazon service is the database storage which enables users to store and access large amounts of data. Whether one is keeping pharmaceutical data for scrutiny and analysis, fiscal data for pricing and computation, photographs for resizing, S3 is the best location for storage of original content. One can then send these contents to EC2 for r esizing, computation, or other large scale analytics without sustaining any data transfer charges for transferring the data between the services. (Soman, 2011 Pp. 78) There is a lot of conversation on Amazon web services and how these services could be used in a way to benefit healthcare practices. The healthcare industry, through Amazon Web Services, is able to reduce costs, improve care, and realize business suppleness amongst other

Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Industry - Essay Example The industry can be further divided into the types of automobiles/vehicles that are manufactured by the various companies that are presently dealing in this commodity. Vehicles can be categorized differently depending on their purpose and design from heavy duty to transportation purposes to leisure brands. The cars vary in size, cost and luxury, and there are cars available for every type of individual in the market from trucks to saloon cars. The automobile manufacturers supply a number of markets from private owners to companies who may require specific types of vehicles, for example, a construction company will require a number of heavy duty trucks to transport their material from one place to the other while a taxi service will require a large number of saloon cars to transport their clientele (J.D. Power). It is for this reason that the market structure of this industry can be referred to as an oligopolistic market despite the fact that they deal in basically what can be describ ed as the same product (that is, vehicles). The automobile industry is made up of 15 major companies which supply vehicles to the wide consumer base in need of cars (Schmitt). The market structure has allowed for the firms present in this industry to have a chance at fair competition as a manufacturer can determine to target either one segment of the market or decide to dabble in all the different types of vehicles. The fact that there are so many vehicles to choose from means that the competition for the market in this industry is not as harsh as others and organizations involved have enough wiggle room to operate without exactly worrying about being bullied out of their share of the market unless faced with extraordinary circumstances. Some firms choose to focus on one particular category of vehicles so as to set up a stronghold in that area which makes it easier for them to handle any competition that they may face (J.D. Power). For example, CAT mainly focuses on heavy duty machi nery that is used in industries like construction such as cranes and tractors and this has enabled it to establish a foothold in heavy duty machinery vehicles. The profit margin on the other hand is not as evenly shared out as the more popular car brands hold a majority of the market when it comes to private vehicles thus some companies can be said to hold a lion’s share of the profit when it comes to car sales. At the current moment, there are more firms exiting than entering the market due to the economic crisis that has hit various parts of the globe such as Europe leading to the reduction in car sales for a while which has meant that the less popular brands have been able to sell even fewer cars than usual (Eisenstein). The manufacturing of cars is not a business venture to be entered to light heartedly, and it costs a considerable amount of money to set up. Thus, if a company is not able to sell most of the cars that it produces they stand a chance of incurring losses at an alarmingly speedy pace that may through the company into an irrecoverable debt if the situation is not handled soon. A good example of this is the Chrysler Company that had to stop operations after failing to be able to move the required quota of cars that would have kept it afloat. The market for the product (that is, vehicles) can definitely said to be an international one as automobiles of all shapes and sizes can be found globally. Cars have

INVESTIGATION OF HUMAN DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

INVESTIGATION OF HUMAN DISEASE - Essay Example Alternatively, a shorted dystrophin gene may be expressed but still different from normal due to an altered molecular weight. Different probes against different parts of the gene, or alternatively gene sequencing, can be exploited to identify the missing parts. Given the almost asymptomatic patient's status, likely due to the young age, no histological features are expected in muscle biopsies. Therefore, a molecular, i.e. immuno-histochemical, analysis will be necessary. Indeed, immunofluorescence (IF) analysis for dystrophin can confirm the genotyping. In physiological conditions, laminin is localized around all muscle fibers and it appears as circles/polygonal shapes in muscle cross-sections, while it is absent in virtually all muscle fibers in diseased individuals (with the notable exception of possible revertant fibers). Given the invasive nature of this procedure, the IF analysis, which requires more tissue to be collected, will be performed as a second option and only in the pr esence of positive genetic tests. On examining the genomic DNA it was found that exon 52 was absent. (b) Will splicing of exon 51 to 53 produce a functional shortened dystrophin? Explain and justify your decision by using an illustration and text (20%). The splicing of exon 51 to 53 does not produce a shortened dystrophin, since the two exons have different codon boundary. The result of the exon 52 deletion, is thus disruption of the genetic code and the premature stop of protein translation. On the contrary, the splicing of exon 51 to 54 would give rise to a shortened but functional form of dystrophin (see diagram below). In the case presented above, the absence of dystrophin expression and the development of DMD is the diagnosis. Scheme of exon boundary extremities in the dystophin region of interest: After genetic counselling the parents choose to seek help from a specialist in gene therapy. (c) If you were the gene therapy specialist what kind of therapy would you suggest for th e boy. Justify your choice. (20%) I would suggest an exon skipping approach with antisense oligonucleotides (AON) aimed to skip exon 53. The loss of the latter in addition to the congenital loss of exon 52 will likely allow to rescue the expression of an almost normal dystrophin, which lacks only two of the repeated motifs that constitute the central body of the protein. Exon skipping has recently been proven an efficient therapeutic approach in large animals (dogs) affected by muscular dystrophy (Yokoda, 2011). PART II (50% total) 1) The picture above shows a family with an inherited disorder. All affected individuals are tall and thin, with long fingers and toes. a) What would a genetic counselor be able to tell an affected individual about the mode of inheritance and the serious complications associated with the disorder (10%) The phenotype of the people in the picture is compatible with the diagnosis of the Marfan. In fact, people with Marfan syndrome tend to be unusually tall, with long, thin fingers. It is inherited as a dominant trait, thus people who have inherited one affected gene from either parent will have Marfan syndrome. This may explain the high penetrance of the disease into a group of individuals, likely members of the same family in the pcture. b) Explain the molecular basis of the condition (15%)

Blind people on China Essay Example for Free

Blind people on China Essay There are 5 million blind people in the whole world. And China is taking the first place of this problem. China accounts about 18% of blind people. Most of them can’t live independent; they all need someone’s help. Also we can know that 90% of blind people are living in modern cities. For example: Beijing (capital), Shanghai and etc. Ð ¢he total number of blind people in China at any given time expressed as a percentage of the total population is around 0. 4%. According to the facts from internet, the countrys ever-increasing blind population has already exceed the total population in such countries as Denmark, Finland or Norway. In the whole world main problem ob blindness is cataract. Because of only the cataract blindness accounts 2. 5 million people in the world. Each year about 400,000 people become blind in one moment because of it. Cataract predominantly a disease associated with ageing. According to the famous Chinese websites, we can know that the reason of blindness in China not only cataract but also it include cornea diseases, trachoma, glaucoma. I took some interviews from 2 Chinese people. When I talked to my Chinese teacher from high school I was pretty surprised. First she told me about problems of blind people. It started past years ago, when with time there are more and more blind people was with the same objects to government. Chinese population doesn’t respect blind people. They are behaving to them very bad. Population doesn’t see any personality in them. They are acting to blind people like to animals. And every time people’s words were such a: â€Å"Blind people-they are not independent, they can’t help to our country. They can’t do anything. They are not useful for China. † So in my mind first thought was government in China need people only for useful thing? It’s so selfish and not correct. I think everyone will agree with me. Nowadays there’s so many ways to cure blind people. According to the facts from the Internet 80% of blindness possible to cure. It was many accidents when even young people didn’t help to blind old person. And with years there are more and more problems. How my teacher said government first didn’t take it such a big problem, but with time when there are more people with objects and arguments to them, they started to pay more attention to blind people. In 2011 many of them were really angry to the government. Hundred blind people want government to allow them come with dogs to public places. Because how I said before they all need help. They thought if they can’t come with dogs, they couldn’t even come inside of any places. Some of them can’t do it only with walking stick or every time hope to theirs hearing. And till now they are trying to get an access for that. Only part of public places allowed them come with dogs. But they are also good people who are trying to make blind people’s life easier. For example my guardians Chinese friend said that, one Chinese scientist developed a cheap e-notebook for blind people. He told me only that information, without any details, so I searched in Internet more about that e-notebook. The e-notebook, called B-Notes, allows people to take notes or memos using Braille or by recording speech. It is similar in size to a mobile phone. B-Notes makes use of technologies developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Computing Technology (ICT), including translation software. Prototype e-notebooks were trialed on ten blind people last month. Wang Xiangdong, technical leader of the ICT team that developed the device, says that Braille can be conveniently input using a panel on the e-notebook. And when [B-Notes is] connected to a computer, the Braille-Chinese translation software can be used to convert Braille into Chinese characters automatically, he says. Currently, there are almost 39 million blind people in the world, according to the WHO. And according to the China Disabled Persons Federation, there are more than 12 million visually disabled people in China. Wang said that the basic technological research for the e-notebooks has been completed and they are expected to be available in China later this year at a cost of 500 to 800 RMB. The e-notebook has three main features. First is the Braille input. The e-notebooks input panel has an array of mini keys that allows users to type. Second is the intelligent translation system, which is up to 95 per cent accurate. When the e-notebook is connected to a computer, pre-installed software moves all Braille in the device over to the computer and translates it into Chinese characters. Third, the e-notebook has a voice interface. There are voice prompts to guide users through the devices various operations. Currently, the notebook can only translate Chinese Braille to Chinese characters. But Wang says that if other countries express an interest in the device, it will be possible to produce e-notebooks that translate other versions of Braille into other languages. The blind people who tested the prototype notebooks told developers that they found them portable and easy to use. According to WHO website The goal of the Chinese Ministry of Health over the coming years is to reduce the prevalence of blindness in the country to less than 0. 3%, i. e. almost by half. And it really makes happy that, government paying more attention to blind people nowadays. How I read with every year they are opening more school for blind people. Also it is increasing accounts of hospitals where people can help to this nondependent people and make theirs life easier. They were some accidents when some of them cured of blind. Also I heard that most professional people who are doing massage all are blind. China has some hospitals with this course. Where they are teaching them. In my opinion, they have to pay more attention to blind people. And give them more good conditions. Make rules that everyone should respect each other, especially blind people. Government should ask them what they need, what help they want from government. China should open more clinics and hospitals for poor people. Who can’t pay to theirs treatment. They also need help from others. They should allow to blind people come with dogs in public places. And I can make conclusion from all of it that government should heed to them.

Malaysia Administration System

Malaysia Administration System Introduction Malaysia, Malaysia (Malaysia) for short, is one of the Southeast Asia by thirteen states and three federal systems composed of district federal countries. Kuala Lumpur, the federal government is located in the city. August 31, 1957 (Ding You years) independence. Western half is located in the Malay Peninsula, often referred to as the west, the north Thailand, and south across the Johor strait, as opposed to a Singapore and Indonesias Riau islands; The eastern half is often referred to as the east horse, south Kalimantan, Indonesia. As early as the 6th century BC, and now the Malaysian region to establish a Kedah kingdom. 14 real Malacca kingdom centered in Malacca, the unification of most of the Malay Peninsula. 1511 Portugal conquered the Malacca. World War II, the United Kingdom, such as the Penang Malay maharaja 9 merges it to federal, Singapore as an independent British colony. Federated Malay States in 1957 independence, the Federated Malay States in 1963 with Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah merged to form Malaysia. 1965 Singapore quit forming the current Malaysia. The members of the British Commonwealth, the non-aligned movement and members of the organization of the Islamic conference, is also one of the founding of the association of Southeast Asian nations countries. Mainly involved in military action defense alliance with the five countries and the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Administrative structure in Malaysia 2.1 The legislative branch 2.1.1 at the federal level YDPA Malaysian Supreme Head of State as head of state, commander in chief of the armed forces and Islamic leaders from the nine hereditary rulers of the meeting in accordance with the candidacy of Sudan Sudan Aging’s age and became drawn up the list, the highest elected a seniority Sudanese head of state, a term of five years. Supreme Head of State is the head of state has the legal status of the Federal Constitution and the Act of Parliament expressly bar out of his country representative for Malaysia, the highest legislative and executive decision-makers. Senate A total of 69 members of the Malaysian Senate, where 26 is indirectly elected by the state legislature elections in 13 states, in addition to the 44 heads of state from the federal government to the highest recommended for appointment. Senators must be over 30 years of the Federation of Malaysia citizen, a total term of three years, regardless of whether the continuous average term renewable only once. House of representative A total of 193 members must be at least 21 years of age and shall not serve on the Members. Under the five-year term of office of members must be regular and comprehensive re-election, Mr. Election, when voters in the constituency Members voting seats, mining relative majority decision made it past the post voting. Known as â€Å"YANG BERHORMAT†. Responsible by Congress in Malaysia, the task of amending the law and repeal, directly under the Aging of Malaysia. 2.1.2 at the state level Rules Heads of state leaders is highest, according to the countrys constitution, the head of state has the right to recommend the principles of action, as well as the rules and the powers to appoint and YDB YDN, for the appointment of the Minister of State has certain rights. You can refuse the request and agreed to dissolve the legislature of each state, but for the requirements of the rulers of the Council, to be met, the head of the Malaysian Islamic religion give respect and satisfaction. State legislative assembly 13 states, each state has its own legislative assembly, every member is elected by the people themselves, this tradition has been maintained for five years, the election over the age of 21 people, they were known as YANG BERHORMAT Council is responsible for the drafting of the legislation, and debate on them, but a person cannot be at the same time a representative number of constituency, representing a district only. 2.2 The Executive branch 2.2.1 at the federal level YDPA YDPA 2.1.1 has been discussed in the above Council of the rules Council of the rules is made up of nine rulers in Malaysia and four appointed head of the state under the federal constitution 38 provisions of the Council, the main functions of the parliament every 5 years is selected in the nine hereditary ruler supreme head of state and deputy supreme head of state, but only the hereditary ruler has the supreme head of state of the right to vote and the right to vote. Other features include a duty to protect the legal status of the Malay and Islam; Involving Islam problem on a nationwide scale for final decisions; In addition, the ruler has the supreme legislative power, the highest judicial power and administrative power, but in actual operation, he must consult the opinions of the prime minister. Prime minister Malaysias prime minister was the leader of the administrative organ in Malaysia. In Malaysia to clarify in the constitution, the supreme head of state must appoint a congressional majority support members of the House of Commons as prime minister. 1. From the parliaments lower House of Commons 2. Be born in Malaysia citizens Cabinet Malaysias cabinet is the Malaysian government administrative department, the cabinet led by the prime minister and the cabinet minister report to congress on a regular basis. Cabinet members must be elected by congress, which was given the highest approval rating of MPS in the house of Commons will be elevated to the prime minister, then according to the list submitted by prime minister elected cabinet ministers and deputy ministers, cabinet ministers in a cabinet meeting every Wednesday on a regular basis. 2.2.2 at the state level Rules/YDN Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy in the country. Its symbolic head of state rulers called Malaysia (Yang Di-Pertuan Agong), namely the Agong, by seven Malay States Johor, Selangor, Kedah, Perak, Kelantan, Pahang, Tengah House Sultan (Sultan), plus serious side Raja Negeri Sembilan and Perlis served in rotation, either every 5 years. Four other states in the state by the symbolic head of state (Yang Di-Pertuan Negeri) rule. State executive council State cabinet-is headed by minter bear.States that do not have a sultan-is headed by chief minister.Peninsular-state executive council.Sabah-cabinet, Sarawak-supreme council.Responsible for forming various state policies, Implement them and acts as advisor to the ruler.Members of state cabinet head certain portfolios.Practices collective responsibility. Malaysia consists of 13 states and 3 Federal Territories. Federal; Territories: Kuala Lumpur, Island of Labuan, Putrajaya 2.3 Judiciary Malaysias legal and judicial system is complex, Malaysias judicial system is exquisite and meticulous, and it is rooted in the cultural diversity of the colonial history and things. Malaysias judicial system involves many aspects of the legal system in Malaysia; Malaysia ruled by the British for a long time, belong to common law legal system. Criminal justice is an important part of Malaysias judicial system, based on the defendant equality against the judgment of the illegal interrogation officer leading way on the basis of. This system includes three components, namely the court, the prosecuting authority and defense agencies. Its the highest law as the United States constitution of Malaysia. Malaysian court structure can be divided into two parts, namely the Supreme Court and lower court. Lower courts consist of judgment court and district court, but it is the things both impartiality-or otherwise-of the higher court, an appellate court and the federal court. The federal courts pr edecessor was the Supreme Court; it is the highest in the Malaysian legal system of institution and the final court of appeal. The appeals court to Malaysias operation from June 24, 1994 began to take effect. The special court was set up in 1993.Special court will trial all rulers and supreme head of state of civil action. The courts presided over by the federal court, and the other four members, namely what horse two impartiality-or otherwise-of justice and two judges appointed by the Malay rulers conference. A member of the federal court for federal court justices, long appeals courtyard, Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak justice and seven other federal court judges.At present there are 10 in Malaysia the appeals court judge (not including the appeal yard long).The Malayan impartiality-or otherwise-of has 47 judge, Sabah and Sarawak impartiality-or otherwise-of ten judges. In the lower court, there are 60 district court judges, of which 52 in the west, Sabah and Sarawak each four. Judgment court judge has 151, including 122 in the west, ma 10 in Sabah, 18 in Sarawak and 1 in Fujian federal territories.The federal court is the judicial Malaysias supreme leader. The federal court, the appeal judges, west horse yard long, Malaya, federal court judges, the appeals court judge and impartiality-or otherwise-of the judge is the supreme head of state in refer to the advice of the prime minister appointed after meeting and consulting the Malay rulers. 3.0 Explain your country system china The judicial organs of China including the court, procurator ate, public security organs (including the state security organs) and judicial administrative organs and their leading lawyer organization, notary organ, re-education through labor authorities, etc. The peoples court is an organ of the state trial; the peoples procurator ate is the national legal supervision organs; the public security organ is the public security organ, is responsible for the investigation of criminal cases, detention or pre-qualification and arrests. Has the nature of the public security organ of a state security organ; Main responsibility is to management of the judicial administrative organs of the prisons and labor camps, lawyers, notarization, peoples mediation and legal publicity and education, etc. Judicial organization refers to the lawyers, notarization, and the arbitration organization. The latter is not the judicial organs, are essential in the judicial system and links. 4.0 Comparison with Malaysia Malaysia government and society: Constitutional monarchy (a constitutional monarchy is divided into dual monarchy and a parliamentary monarchy, Malaysia belong to parliament monarchy). Rulers meeting by the Johor, Pahang, Selangor, Mei LAN, knight, Deng jail floor, Kelantan, Kedah, glass city nine states of hereditary Sudan and Malacca , Penang, sand, the more, the Shaba of four states of heads of state. Its function is highest in nine hereditary Sudan in turn elected head of state and deputy supreme head of state; Review and promulgated by the national laws and regulations ;Has the final decisions on Islam problem on a nationwide scale; Review involved ethnic Malays and Sabah, sand the privileged status of indigenous peoples and other major problems. Without the consent of the meeting, and shall not by any law rulers of privileged status. China government and society: National nature: the peoples democratic dictatorship of socialist countries. The socialist system is the basic system of the Peoples Republic of China. The socialist system by any organization or individual is prohibited destruction. â€Å"After Hong Kong and Macao return, because of historical reasons, the implementation of one country, two systems, namely in mainland China practices the socialist system and capitalist system in Hong Kong and Macao shall, because civil war failed to unify Taiwan, presently for the system of capitalism, return also suitable for the one country, two systems, still practice the system of capitalism. Government: the peoples congress system. PRC in article 2 of regulation: all power in the Peoples Republic of China belongs to the people. The people exercise state power of authority is the National Peoples Congress and local peoples congresses at various levels. The people in accordance with the law, through various channels and forms, management of state affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs management. 5.0 Conclusion Malaysias special political economic and cultural background as well as for its unique geographical position, one of the world famous. Malaysia pursues an independent foreign policy, neutral and nonaligned. Priority to the development of foreign policy cornerstone for the association of south-east Asian nationsASEAN), relations with ASEAN countries. Great importance to developing relations with power. Is a member of the commonwealth, and its member states more exchanges? With the establishment of diplomatic ties in 131 countries. 6.0 Reference list Websites Malaysia History and society, [online] available at: mailto:http://www.cicir.ac.cn/chinese/newsView.aspx?nid=2946, Accessed on 25th NOV 2014 China History and society, [online], available at: mailto:http://www.npc.gov.cn/pc/11_4/2007-12/05/content_1620424.htm, Accessed on 6th DEC 2014 Word count: 2037

Comparing Carbohydrate Requirements for the Atkins Diet and the Food Py

Comparing Carbohydrate Requirements for the Atkins Diet and the Food Pyramid Guide â€Å"Carbohydrates are an organic compound that serves as a major energy source for the body† (Dictionary.com). These carbohydrates convert to sugars that trigger insulin production, which our body needs for certain processes, and triggers fat storage (Health-Doc.com). According to the Institute of Medicine, adults should get 45 to 65 percent of their calories from carbohydrates. That is roughly seven servings based on a 2000 calorie diet. At least one of the two carbohydrate diet plans states something different. The Atkins diet requires a limited amount of carbohydrates for consumption while the Food Pyramid Guide developed by USDA and supported by the Department of Health and Human Services allows for many more servings. The Atkins diet requires that in the first two weeks of the diet you eat no more than twenty grams of carbohydrates a day. Twenty grams of carbohydrates a day is the equivalent of one slice of bread or one serving of carbohydrates a day. Afte...

The Pact Essay -- Pact Essays

The Pact Some of the things that Rameck, Sam, and George, the three boys in The Pact, were tempted with have occurred with my friend named Paul. Things such as temptations involving drugs, family issues, and the ways of life of the family. Paul's parents both dealt and did drugs, this made it hard for Paul to deviate from this kind of life. As time progressed he soon picked up the â€Å"family business† and started heading down the wrong path in life. These temptations to follow in the path of Paul's parents footsteps were very much the same as the temptation in which George, Rameck, and Sam had, which were the constant pressure from society and family. These temptations, many times, often lead to an increase in the chances of George, Rameck, and Sam's character cracking. For these reasons it made it hard for them to stay on the right track in life and to deviate away from what they were being raised in and to become better than that. Positive influences in their lives prevented them from succumbing to the calls of the streets and of the accepted norms. People such as the karate teacher who helped build self confidence and respect. Unfortunately for Paul he did not have these positive role models in his life to keep him focused and eventually got involved with drugs. He was a senior in high school with graduation just around the corner. Everything was going for him, he was on the Varsity football team, was heading off to college in a few months, and more importantly he wa...

Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer Essay -- essays

Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year; therefore, new advanced technology of the treatment of Breast Cancer is the key to life after the disease. There is a lot of information that has to be known about breast cancer in order to do something about the disease such as what breast cancer is, the history and some risk factors.Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast. Breast cancer is found mostly in women, but men can get breast cancer. Being a women and getting older, put women at higher risk of getting diagnosed with breast cancer. As women get older their risk continues. Many factors that contribute to the risk of breast cancer, such as the history of breast cancer in your family, or close relatives. â€Å"Researchers are investigating genes that may be related to breast cancer, and they are examining whether smoking or estrogen levels influence that incidence of the disease† (N.W hospital 1). However, some women who have one or more risk factors may not get diagnosed with breast cancer, but most women who don’t have any risk factors get diagnosed with the disease. Today there are many risks that go along with Breast Cancer,some can not be changed but some can be stoped. One risk factor that cannot be changed is gender, women are at higher risk for breast cancer then men are. Age is also a factor that cannot be controlled, because the chance of breast cancer goes up, as women get older. Furthermore genetic risk factors cannot be changed. â€Å"About one case of breast cancer in ten is linked to changes (mutation) in certain genes† (Illinois Department 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early detection is the key to life after Breast Cancer. Effects that help to early detection goes as the fallowing; Yearly mammograms, Clinical Examinations, and checking yourself monthly. â€Å"Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system a... ...y is the most common form of drug treatment. â€Å"Chemotherapy uses different kinds of drugs that can kill cancer cells† (NW Hospital). Chemotherapy can also kill cancer that has spread throughout the body as well. Again there are some advantages and disadvantages. When the surgery is over the person will be as a smaller risk of the cancer returning. Disadvantages include disruption of the menstrual cycle in women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learning that one is infected with breast caner is traumatizing and can cause depression. Women who are diagnosed must remember and understand that they are not alone in the struggle with their disease. Many women today aren’t aware of what breast cancer really is and how it works. Hopefully after this paper women will become more aware of this cancer and want to be more involved. Breast cancer works in mysterious ways, from finding out you have breast cancer, and the people who are at risk, to early detection and then later the advanced technologies of the treatment to the disease. Breast cancer is a very serious disease but if there is early detection, there can and will be life after Breast Cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer Essay -- essays Advanced Technology of the Treatment of Breast Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This year 203,000 women will be diagnosed with Breast Cancer, and 40,000 of them are expected to die. Breast Cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women the ages of 35-54. There are numerous ways breast cancer can be treated if found early. The key to treating breast cancer is early detection, beast self-exams, and early mammograms. One out of every eight women will get diagnosed with Breast Cancer this year; therefore, new advanced technology of the treatment of Breast Cancer is the key to life after the disease. There is a lot of information that has to be known about breast cancer in order to do something about the disease such as what breast cancer is, the history and some risk factors.Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast. Breast cancer is found mostly in women, but men can get breast cancer. Being a women and getting older, put women at higher risk of getting diagnosed with breast cancer. As women get older their risk continues. Many factors that contribute to the risk of breast cancer, such as the history of breast cancer in your family, or close relatives. â€Å"Researchers are investigating genes that may be related to breast cancer, and they are examining whether smoking or estrogen levels influence that incidence of the disease† (N.W hospital 1). However, some women who have one or more risk factors may not get diagnosed with breast cancer, but most women who don’t have any risk factors get diagnosed with the disease. Today there are many risks that go along with Breast Cancer,some can not be changed but some can be stoped. One risk factor that cannot be changed is gender, women are at higher risk for breast cancer then men are. Age is also a factor that cannot be controlled, because the chance of breast cancer goes up, as women get older. Furthermore genetic risk factors cannot be changed. â€Å"About one case of breast cancer in ten is linked to changes (mutation) in certain genes† (Illinois Department 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early detection is the key to life after Breast Cancer. Effects that help to early detection goes as the fallowing; Yearly mammograms, Clinical Examinations, and checking yourself monthly. â€Å"Mammograms are a specific type of imaging that uses a low-dose x-ray system a... ...y is the most common form of drug treatment. â€Å"Chemotherapy uses different kinds of drugs that can kill cancer cells† (NW Hospital). Chemotherapy can also kill cancer that has spread throughout the body as well. Again there are some advantages and disadvantages. When the surgery is over the person will be as a smaller risk of the cancer returning. Disadvantages include disruption of the menstrual cycle in women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Learning that one is infected with breast caner is traumatizing and can cause depression. Women who are diagnosed must remember and understand that they are not alone in the struggle with their disease. Many women today aren’t aware of what breast cancer really is and how it works. Hopefully after this paper women will become more aware of this cancer and want to be more involved. Breast cancer works in mysterious ways, from finding out you have breast cancer, and the people who are at risk, to early detection and then later the advanced technologies of the treatment to the disease. Breast cancer is a very serious disease but if there is early detection, there can and will be life after Breast Cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

A memorable experience in my life Essay

I have rarely thought about the so-called memorable experiences in life. Since there are a lot of things that need to be done now and also in the future, to me, it is quite hard to write about this topic and it took me a lot of time recalling what have happened in my life, what the memorable experiences were and what the most memorable one was. Finally, I realized that a memorable experience is not only a significant event like getting a university degree, travelling abroad or having a good job. It can also be small events in life such as the first day going to school, the first time riding bicycle or something like that. To me, the most memorable experience that I have was the time I spent with my father during my childhood. I have two elder brothers, one elder sister and one younger sister. My younger sister is only 2 years old younger than me and apparently, we spent most of the time playing together throughout our childhood. My father usually took us to the park by the river ever y weekend. There we played tig, hide-and-seek, merry-go-round; shared one piece of baked banana, and so on. They were just small things, but these small things made us remember all these moments forever. We felt happy every single moment we shared with our father. Read more: Essays About Life Experiences My father passed away on the Buddhist holiday (the 15th of the 7th month of the lunar calendar) last year due to poor health situation at the old age. We told each other not to cry so that he could leave this world peacefully. Finally, I could not stand it and left my brother’s house where my father was lying for a small park near my house. The merry-go-round there reminded me of all the good things he had devoted to us. I could not stop crying then. When my little daughter asks me to bring her to the park or do her some favor, I sometimes scold her because I am tired after being swamped up with the daily jobs and activities. Thinking of my father, I often say sorry to her after that and think if I can do just half of the things my father did for me, I am already a good mother. The most important thing I can learn from my father is to love my family, and to show the love to the beloved ones by simple actions in daily life. So, my friends, if you love someone, just say you love them and try your best to bring good things to your beloved ones whenever you can. Their happiness is your happiness!

Mexican Culture

Mexican Culture Interpersonal Communication 102 February 17, 2013 There are many different cultures around the world. The Mexican Culture is one that is expanding rapidly in the United States. Although the Mexican Culture is expanding it is very different from the American Culture. The Mexican Culture is a high masculine culture. There are similarities within the American Culture and the Mexican Culture, but also many differences. I was able to spend time with my future step brother-in-law on his daughter’s 1st birthday.Although I have went to family functions that he has attended as well, I did not know him. He typically only speaks Spanish unless he responds directly to a question in English. I was able to learn a lot about Sabino, and his culture. Without this assignment I feel I would not have grown to appreciate Sabino and the Mexican culture. In fact if not for this assignment I would not have attended Evelyn’s, Sabino’s daughter, first birthday celebration . Evelyn’s birthday party was not exactly what I expected. No one sang the traditional American Happy Birthday song.Instead a song called â€Å"Las Mananitas† is sung. Sabino informed me that the lyrics do not translate into Happy Birthday. The song is â€Å"Estas son las mananitas, que cantaba el Rey David,? Hoy por ser dia de tu santo, te las cantamos a ti,? Despierta, Evelyn, despierta, mira que ya amanecio,? Ya los pajarillos cantan, la luna ya se metio. Que linda esta la manana en que vengo a saludarte,? Venimos todos con gusto y placer a felicitarte,? Ya viene amaneciendo, ya la luz del dia nos dio,? Levantate de manana, mira que ya amanecio. † (S.Xique, personal communication, January 20, 2013). This song is translated into â€Å"This is the morning song that King David sang? Because today is your saint's day we're singing it for you? Wake up, Evelyn, wake up, look it is already dawn.? The birds are already singing and the moon has set. How lovely is the morning in which I come to greet you.? We all came with joy and pleasure to congratulate you? The morning is coming now, the sun is giving us its light? Get up in the morning, look it is already dawn. † (S. Xique, personal communication, January 20, 2013).This song was not only sung at the party, but this is how they woke Evelyn up that morning. What surprised me the most about this birthday celebration is that it was not just a party for Evelyn, but a party for the entire family. It was a chance for everyone to get together with food and drinks. The adults partied as much as the kids. Everyone pitched in and provided different dishes and beer. It seemed that each mom competed for the best dish. I was able to sample tamales and carnitas. I was not brave enough to try all of the dishes as I was told some were extremely spicy.At times it was awkward for me as most of the conversations where in Spanish, but I everyone was extremely polite and gracious. Although I did not know ma ny of the people there I felt like part of the family. After observing my future step brother-in-law’s family the way they live is very different than the way one would live in America. Sabino’s family is different from my own family and after talking more with Sabino I realized he is a very traditional Mexican. One of the biggest differences was his children do not believe in Santa Claus.They still celebrate Christmas, but do not believe in the reason children receive gifts. This may not be true with all people among the Mexican Culture, but it was for Sabino’s side of the family. He said it is very important for him and his wife and his children, to understand that Christmas and Christmas presents are not important, but the reason for the season is extremely important. Sabino’s family is devout Catholics and regularly attends mass (S. Xique, personal communication, January 20, 2013). . An obvious major difference is the language between the two cultures (Mukherjee, 2001).The Mexican Culture mainly speaks Spanish, while the American Culture mostly speaks English. Sabino is able to adapt to American way of life and he can speak English, but it is not his best language. He prefers to speak Spanish. He is quiet if people around him are speaking English, but if he is around others who speak Spanish he chats away. Sabion said he is just more comfortable and can understand things better in his own language. He said that not everything translates the way it is meant to, especially jokes and sarcasm (S.Xique, personal communication, January 20, 2013). While I was observing Sabino’s family I was able to learn many different things about their way of life. The Mexican Culture is very kind and loyal (Mukherjee, 2001). Most get married and have families. Sabino said many of his family members and him avoid any kind of confrontation, and do not try to get into any situation that would include disagreement. This would indicate that his cu lture is high in uncertainty avoidance. They are very sensitive and emotional with everything they do.Members of the Mexican Culture take pride in their work and try to do everything with the best of their ability. Money is not a form of achievement, but they will stride to do everything needed to take care of their families. They are very hard workers, and if they are asked to do something they usually do not hesitate and will complete the task efficiently (Mukherjee, 2001). Sabino regularly sends money back to his sister in Mexico to help her with her children (S. Xique, personal communication, January 20, 2013). This shows that Sabino is a part of a collectivistic culture.He cares about his family, but he believes that it is important focus on the needs of everyone and not just him and his family here. . Family is very similar in the eyes of the Mexican Culture, and the American Culture it is almost the same. The men usually work and the woman stays at home and takes care of dome stic chores and takes care of the children in the home. The Mexican family may not ever separate, and tend to live in the same household together for a very long time(Mukherjee, 2001). Sabino only left his family to start a family with his wife.He told me that some Mexican families never leave from the same house, and even when they start a family of their own, their family will all live together (S. Xique, personal communication, January 20, 2013). References Geert Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Second Edition, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications, 2001 Mukherjee, B. (2001, September 23). Difference between mexican and american culture. Retrieved from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/difference-in-mexican-and-

Epic Hero and the Values of the Society Essay

The hero of an epic is characterized by their extraordinary abilities and strength which helped them to meet all the challenges they need to face along their journey. They are the main subjects of these long narrative epic poems. The epic hero is separated from the rest of the people. They are being admired by others for their ability to do what ordinary man would not attempt to do. The birth of these heroes was taken account into. These men are destined to play an important role in their society. They also became the reflection of the values of their society. Epic heroes are mythical characters taken from the ancient times. These heroes are larger-than-life because of their impressive and heroic deeds that can surpass what ordinary man can do. More specifically an epic hero must posses certain qualities to recognize him as a real epic hero. They must possess great physical strength. They are more clever and cunning than the ordinary. They are adventurous and brave. They are not easily intimidated or frightened by the challenges ahead of them. They have goals and are highly determined to attain their quest for something they believed is of great value for him and to his people. They are victorious most of the time with the battles they encounter. Their success gave them recognition. Their society may choose him to be their rightful leader or ruler because of the marvelous thing they proved they can do. After learning this things about an epic hero one can observed among epic poems this pattern of the heroes characteristic. They seem to be similar in many ways. Along with other epic heroes of all times are the names like Beowulf, Gilgamesh and Odysseus. Looking at how each of the heroes had transformed themselves through the various test and preparation they undertake before they are recognize as heroic leaders. They come from different backgrounds and culture which they typically embodies. Beowulf: the Old English Epic Who is Beowulf? What was his exploits? What values where important in his society? These are the questions that will guide us to discover more about the epic hero Beowulf. This epic poem had been written in England though the setting of the story could have been in Scandinavia. Beowulf as many knew is one of the most important surviving Anglo-Saxon classic literatures. This epic was believed to have been written between the 8th and 11th centuries. (Foster, 2003) Beowulf was recognized as a Geat. He was known by others as a super human. One of his greatest achievements was when he defeated Grendel in an encounter. Beowulf fought one-on-one with Grendel which was known as a monster an enemy of the people of that time. Beowulf came to rescue the people of that kingdom from Grendel. To show his successful defeat of Grendel he brought home Grendel’s head. During the struggle, he won because of the help of a magical giant sword. Beowulf then also battle with Grendel’s mother who was plunge deep into the earth. He faced alone the monster found in the underworld. After he won in this adventure he didn’t become immediately the new king. He fought for the throne along with King Hygelac. King Hygelac died during a raid and was then offered the throne but he refused and let the king’s son inherit the throne. Because of his many heroic acts the Danes were please. The Danes and the Geats are then united. The people now anticipated Beowulf to be their new king. He must face other more dangers to prove himself worthy to be called the King of the Geats. His last battle involved a fight with a dragon. By that time he was in old age and has been ruling the Geats when the dragon came and threatened his kingdom. He needs to defeat this dragon to save his people from danger. He must risk his own life to achieve his goal of saving the kingdom. In this battle he successfully killed the dragon but it left him seriously wounded. He then had to face his death. Odysseus: The Greek Mythical Hero After Beowulf is another famous epic hero by the name of Odysseus. Odysseus also with Latin name Ulysses was the reigning ruler of the island kingdom of Ithaca. (Hunter, 1997) unlike Beowulf this man was already enthroned as a king. In the Trojan War he was the key heroic figure meaning he was among the well known leaders of the Trojan War. Odysseus was actually reluctant to join the expedition. Even if he doesn’t want to join the battle he still fought heroically in the Trojan War. He even led the dangerous nocturnal raid together with Diomedes. It was believed that Odysseus was one of the originators of the Trojan horse which were used by the Greeks to finally take over the city of Troy. His journey was specially guided by divine intervention. After the Trojan War Odysseus next quest is to successfully return home with his family. Now returning back on his family was his main goal but the journey is very difficult and there are many things he needed to pass through. He also needs to face the underworld just like Beowulf who fought in the world of the dead. The difference with Odysseus is that he didn’t fight but rather talk and ask some questions. In this journey he came to the point that he need to choose between mortality and immortality. He chose mortality because he wants his home together with his wife Penelope. Going back home he encountered various tragedies like when his ship was destroyed by a thunderbolt and a storm and when he was trapped in island of the Nymph Calypso. Many things have happened after the war and on the way home. When Odysseus came at last he found that there were problems in Ithaca also. It took about twenty years before he successfully returned to his home. He found out that his wife Penelope had remained faithful to him all through those years even though there are pressures for her to get married again. He arrived at the palace and found the suitors of his wife. He pretended to be a beggar and destroyed all of them afterwards.

A Pestle Analysis for Tesco

A PESTLE analysis for Tesco must consider all the important external factors impacting on the company. These factors may have political, economic, sociological, technological, legal or environmental dimensions. The political analysis must include the impact of local and national government, and the international situation. The Economic analysis needs to investigate the influences of the stock market and tax increases, amongst many other monetary matters. Sociological factors are difficult to suss out. We swim in the â€Å"water† of our culture without recognising it as an important determining factor. And sociological analysis is all about analysing the background culture. Technological factors are usually easier to spot, because new technologies involve change, and change is always noticed. For instance, online shopping has had a major impact on Tesco's recent success. The change created by technological advances often lead to legal problems, which is why legal analysis is always an important part of a PESTLE analysis. Tesco's operations obviously have a significant environmental impact, from fossil fuel use to packaging issues. Reducing the demand on the planet is a challenge for any big company. A PESTLE Analysis for Tesco must look at all the six factors we have mentioned. Here they are again, with examples of each: * political: an increase in unemployment due to a downward turn in the world economy. * economic: impact on sales of the credit crunch. sociological: an increase in immigration from Eastern Europe resulting in a demand for new goods. * technological: how can Tesco take full advantage of the world wide web? * legal: how can Tesco avoid legal opposition to expanding into new high streets * environmental: – climate change is affecting supply and transport, how can Tesco adapt? In summary, any PESTLE Analysis for Tesco must consider all external factors

Domain Name System Security Extensions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Domain Name System Security Extensions - Essay Example It is a collection of extensions to DNS that offer the DNS clients origin verification of DNS data, data reliability and authenticated defiance of existence. When you spend some time on the Internet either sending an e-mail or browsing the Web, you make use of domain name servers without even recognizing it. DNS is an extremely important part of the internet but totally to the user. The DNS structure forms one of the principals and most vigorous distributed databases on the globe. With no DNS, the Internet would fail instantly, thus it must be properly maintained and the proper security system put in place to secure it from people with bad intentions. Similar to the majority of the early Internet protocols, DNS was not meant to bear it does nowadays. It was not made with an Internet-as-e-commerce stage in mind as it is today. It was too not made to deal with cache poisoning, phishers, farmers, denial-of-service attacks, spammers or any kind of scammer. DNS reached its twenty-fifth in 2008, and started showing its age with major flaws in the system. Mimoso (2008, p1) says DNS was made as a "modest" substitute of host tables that were applied in keeping track of network machines. The ending outcome was the DNS we have come to recognize and love: a protocol that interprets domain names into IP addresses. This is what was required back in January 1, 1983 when machines on the ARPANET were needed to change to the TCP/IP protocol. What's required today is DNSSEC, which help defend against various attack against DNS servers, be it enterprise servers or the root DNS servers that control the Internet and have double fruitfully been attacked. DNSSEC offers source authentication of DNS data, data reliability and genuine denial of existence, as per the project's website. Various problems have subdued widespread deployment, including issues with scalability and well-suitability with diverse DNS servers. It is generally believed that making the DNS safe is critically vital for securing the entire Internet; however implementation of DNSSEC particularly has been held back by the difficulty of working out a backward-compatible set that can scale to the range of the Internet, avoiding "zone enumeration" where necessary, positioning DNSSEC implementations over a wide range of DNS servers and clients, disparity among major players over who ought to own the Top Level Domains such as .com, .net and .org root keys and finally conquering the perceived complication of DNSSEC and DNSSEC operation. A number of these problems are in the course of being determined, and deployments in a range of domains have started to take place.

Practical Windows Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Practical Windows Security - Assignment Example If a statement from a security prospective integrates Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures identifiers, we can then rapidly and exactly get admittance to the predetermined information in one or else more isolated CVE-compatible warehouses, ways and services to rectify the difficulty. In addition, through Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, our tools and services are competent enough to "respond" (i.e., swap data) to each other. However, we will be acquainted with precisely what each take in for the reason that Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures offers us a level of comparison proposed for evaluating the behavior of our tools. This outlines that we are proficient to find out which tools are mainly effectual and suitable for convening our businesss requirements. Briefly explaining, Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures compatible benefits, tools and databases will offer us much better reporting, fairly easy capability to share and make use of information, and improved safety (IPA, 2 009), (Skoudis, 2010) & (Mitre, 2010) Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures is an industry which is authorized by the CVE Editorial Board and by many associations and organizations that have confirmed their goods CVE-compatible or else incorporate CVE identifier in their retailer observant as well as safety consultants. Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures content must be accepted by the CVE Editorial Board that generally includes prime professionals from the information security society (Mitre, 2010). This report is designed to provide deep and comprehensive analysis of some of the main issues and areas of the Practical Windows Security. In this report I am going to discuss and analyze some of the prime aspects of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and its connection to the Windows security management as well as organization. For this reason I will assess one of Windows security aspects

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Land law - Essay Example Over a period of time she gained ascendancy over him. Her action against him was set aside as she failed to disprove this presumption (Re Craig , 1971). In Dunbar Bank plc v. Nadeem, the bank provided a mortgage loan to the couple in their joint names. In the trial court it was held that there had been undue influence brought to bear on the wife, as she had not made any contribution to the purchase, but all the same she was being held jointly liable with her husband. The appellate court set aside this judgment and ruled that she had not suffered any disadvantage and as she had failed to establish undue influence (Dunbar Bank plc v. Nadeem , 1998 ). The courts of equity, in their role of a court of conscience, initiated undue influence as a basis for the obtention of relief. To this end the courts endeavour to determine the underlying reason for entering into a transaction. In all cases, where the cause proves to be objectionable, the transaction will be rescinded. From the perspective of equity, undue influence occurs in the following cases. If there are threats or other overtly improper or intimidating acts and if the relationship between the parties accords to one of them a superior position, which is exploited by that party to the detriment of the other party. In O’Brien, the House of Lords specified the measures to be adopted by a bank, in order to avoid the ill effect of a husband’s undue influence, while granting loans to a couple. The outcome of this decision was that a contract could become unenforceable if one of the parties to the contract had done so as a consequence of a third party’s transgression (Barclays Bank v. OBrien, 1993). In Etridge it was held that it was the duty of the bank to take all such reasonable steps as would ensure that the wife should be properly apprised of the consequences of the transaction that she was about to enter into. To this end an