A Research Project On Credit Risk Management Basic

The theoretical framework or theoretical review can be defined as a set of linked idea that facilitate to better understand the content of a research project. ( Investopedia.com) According to Van Gestel and Baesens in their book â€Å"Credit risk management basic† in order for banks to ensure a good credit risk management and to maximize its profitability it is very important that banks pays particular attention to four practices. Those practices are the selection of a solvable counterparty, limitation is to fix a limit risk exposure regarding the counterparty, diversification spread the credit risk in order to avoid a concentration on credit risk problem this will allow the bank to not bear the risk alone and finally the Credit echanment is†¦show more content†¦The Credit Scoring is a set of decision models and the underlying techniques that help in the decision to grant consumer credits (Thomas 2002). In summary, we can say that Credit Scoring is risk management tool that aims to predict the probability of default of a new loan using the previous loans. Thus, the purpose of the Credit Scoring is to predict risk and not to explain it. 1.1.2 The five C’s model â€Å"When a small business applies for a business loan, a bank or other lender follows a certain protocol when evaluating the application. One thing the bank uses is the 5 C s of credit analysis to evaluate the application for the loan.† (Peavler, 2016) Character: The first criterion is of course an analysis that covers the client (honesty, transparency, experience, training, past successes, strengths, etc.). The lender looks at the character of the leader and company foremost. The lender will ask himself question such as, do I trust the person before me to grant him a loan? Is he going to repay the loan as agreed? In addition, the lender will look at the quality of the managers in place. Even in difficult times, a team of competent managers will manage the activities of the company and take the

Sexual Abuse In The Crucible Essay - 913 Words

Sex Abuse and The Crucible Innocent people are accused for things they may not have done-this brings fear to everyone around them, and no one will feel safe to do anything. In the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller, there are many people being accused of wrongdoing for actions they may have not done. The Crucible tells a story of a group of young girls dancing in the woods. They are accused of calling for the devil-they chose people who they feel may be attached to the devil and wrongfully accuse them. In a more recent event many people in the city of Jordan, Minnesota are accused of being involved with sexual assault. When heavy events occur in a town, the people are quick to come to conclusions, which will take forth many people†¦show more content†¦There is talk that parents are now reluctant to bathe or even cuddle their children for fear of being charged with molesting them ¨ (E.R. Shipp n.pag.). This shows the impact is can have and, how many people are scared of the fact that they may to be a ccused of something with just little evidence to prove it, whether is be true or not. Happenings like, The crucible and/ Sexual assault can leave a mark on the people. This leaves fear in the town of the parents who have children with what they can do and what they cannot do without someone thinking it as something else, therefore being accused of something false. A common theme between witchcraft and sexual assault is the fear of being left with a reputation, or what people may think of you and your name. Proctor is scared of what people may think of him when he and Abigail had a secret relationship. He did not what to include it in any discussions and just wanted to forget about it. When proctor was asked what the 10 commandments are he left out the one of adultery  ¨Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbors goods, nor make unto thee any graven image. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain; thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy. Thou shalt honor thy father and mother. Thou shalt not bear false witness. (he is stuck. He counts back on his fingers, knowing one is missing.) Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven ¨ (Miller).Show MoreRelatedPace Rhythm - Ib English a Hl Paper 22293 Words   |  10 PagesArthur Miller s The Crucible variations of pace and rhyt hm are utilized in order to attract or heighten the attention of the audience. However, in order to determine the manner in which variations of pace and rhythm affect the audience interruptions to routines, the juxtaposition of calm and hysteria, the use of pace to reflect tension and the way in which structure influences the interest of the audience need to be taken into consideration. It is apparent that within both The Crucible and A StreetcarRead MoreCRM 1301 Midterm uOttawa Carolyn Gordon Essay10218 Words   |  41 PagesPerspective Trephining Individual who were having illusions or were delusional had a hole drilled in their skull in order to get rid of the spirits. If that person was still alive, the procedure was successful Witchcraft Correlated with ‘The Crucible’ where Tituba, Sarah Good Sarah Osborne are accused of witchcraft in Salem, 1692 What to do with the witches?! Exodus 22:18- Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live Leviticus   20:27- A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that isRead MoreMasculinity in the Philippines12625 Words   |  51 Pagesa class or batch with an extraordinary solidarity. The half-dozen doctoral dissertations on the Philippine military argue, in the words of a Chicago psychologist who observed the PMA in the mid-1960~~ that cadets form lifetime bonds. . . in the crucible of the hazing pro~ess.~ What is the meaning of this ritual with its extreme violence? Hazing, seemingly a small issue, has embedded within it larger problems of masculinity central to armies everywhere. In fieldwork around the world, anthropologistsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDiversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics 44 Age 44 †¢ Sex 46 †¢ Race and Ethnic ity 48 †¢ Disability 48 †¢ Other Biographical Characteristics: Tenure, Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity 50 Ability 52 Intellectual Abilities 52 †¢ Physical Abilities 55 †¢ The Role of Disabilities 56 Implementing Diversity Management Strategies 56 Attracting, Selecting, Developing, and Retaining Diverse Employees 56 †¢Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesprimary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological studies, biographies, monographs, dissertations, published and unpublished essays, and periodical articles. Archival sources, such as newspaper reports, policy statements, pamphlets, and organization manuals have also provided useful information. Chapter 1 reviews and reï ¬ nes Webers theory of charisma and routinization, using

Injury Prevention A Concussion Game Against The Washington Redskins examples Essay Example For Students

Injury Prevention : A Concussion Game Against The Washington Redskins examples Essay In late October, Philadelphia Eagles star running back Brian Westbrook suffered a concussion in a game against the Washington Redskins. He sat on the sidelines for two weeks, recovering but when he returned to play on Nov. 15 against the San Diego Chargers, Westbrook got yet another concussion, putting his season and his career in doubt. Westbrook s immediate re-injury raises the question: should he have been playing at all? And just how many football players are returning to play too soon after concussions, or not having the seriousness of their injuries recognized? On Dec. 3, in the wake of much debate over the long-term damage concussions do to players, the National Football League announced new rules governing concussion management. Players who ve had a concussion will now only be allowed to return to the field after being cleared by an independent neurologist.But concussion is not just an issue for the NFL. A study from the National Center for Injury Prevention found that 47% of high school football players say they suffer a concussion each season, with 37% of those reporting multiple concussions in a season. But according to the American College of Sports Medicine, some 85% of sports-related concussions go undiagnosed, and even when they are diagnosed, more often than not, concussions in football and other sports aren t being managed properly. Guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology say that, for example, if an athlete s symptoms after a concussion such as dizziness or nausea last longer than 15 minutes, he should be benched until he s been symptom-free for a week. But a three-year study of play in 100 U. S. high schools found that nearly 41% of athletes were back on the field too soon.It s pretty clear tha. .sually involved routine blocks and tackles, often along the line of scrimmage. There are distinct differences in age when it comes to managing sport related concussions. Recent research demonstrates that high school athletes not only take longer to recover after a concussion when compared to collegiate or professional athletes, but they also may experience greater severity of symptoms and more neurological disturbances as measured by neuropsychological and postural stability tests. It is also estimated that 53% of high school athletes have sustained a concussion before participation in high school sports, and 36% of collegiate athletes have a history of multiple concussions. Because the frontal lobes of the human brain continue to develop until age 25, it is vital to manage youth concussions very conservatively to ensure optimal neurological development and outcomes.

One of my favorite things to do when traveling in Essays

One of my favorite things to do when traveling in a new city is to visit the museums. I have never been to a city that did not offer the usual museum fare, usually in the form of the "Anytown Art Museum", or the "Anytown Museum of Natural History". While these types of museums house some incredible artifacts, and I do visit them often, I also like to seek out museums of a more unusual sort. Museums are mostly the same just about everywhere you go, both in the United States and Europe. They offer the visitor a glimpse into the past culture of any given city or country by displaying relics found throughout the world. But there are also many museums that showcase artifacts of the culture in a much more specific way. Some fine examples of these kinds of museums include the Pez Museum, close to San Francisco, dedicated to the little candy dispenser, the Muzeum hracek in Prague, dedicated to toys of the world, both past and present, the Dungeon, a history of Medieval torture, also in Prague, and the Liberace Museum in Las Vegas, dedicated to all things Liberace--and I mean all things. The Pez Museum is not actually in San Francisco, but is located south of the city in a town called Burlingame. If you are in the Bay Area for any reason, do not miss this museum! Remember when you were a little kid, and you loved to collect Pez dispensers? Well, times have changed, and now Pez c ollections mean big money, and big business. The most expensive Pez dispenser to date is the short lived Mr. Potato Head dispenser, complete with a make-it-yourself face. This Pezsells for $5,000 at auction! This museum contains literally hundreds of Pez Dispensers, collected since their inception back in the Fifties. While Pez may not compare to a Rodin sculpture in terms of being considered classical art, obviously there are some people out there who appreciate the finer nuances of a mere candy dispenser. Toy museums abound throughout the world. I have been lucky enough to have visited two toy museums in my life, both in Europe. The first one was in a quaint town in Germany called Rothenburg. This town dates back to the Medieval era, and is one of the few towns in western Europe that is still contained within its original defense walls. Because most of the buildings inside the walls are original, this town has become a major tourist attraction for European tourists. The Toy and Puppet Museum in Rothenburg is displayed in a 15th century house just outside the walled part of the city. It contains over 800 dolls and puppets from France and Germany dating back some 200 years. When you walk into this museum, you are immediately overwhelmed by all of the faces staring back at you. Most of the dolls and puppets are in cases, and as you wander through the halls, you get this creepy feeling of their eyes following you as you go. The puppets are fascinating. Once upon a time, puppet shows traveled throughout the countryside, entertaining the masses just like the movies do today. Puppet shows were also a vehicle to bring news of the current events and developing politics of the cities to those in the countryside. It is fascinating to see the development and evolution of these puppets through the ages. As the cultures of France and Germany changed, so did the puppets facial expressions, clothing and accessories. The other toy museum I visited was located in the Count's chambers in Prague Castle, the Museum hracek. This museum offers more of a variety of toys than just dolls and puppets like the one in Rothenburg. The museum showcases toys from the last 150 years including intricate toys made oftin and toy clocks that really work. The delicate workmanship of these clocks and tin toys speaks volumes about the evolution of toys from then to now. Children love technological toys no matter what age they live in. The Barbie doll collection here needs to be seen to be believed. Hundreds of Barbie dolls live in their own separate room of the museum. They range from the

How to Get Out of a Job You Hate

How to Get Out of a Job You Hate It would be great if everyone were making a living at their dream jobs. Or if that job you loved so much when it was new, and you were still learning and feeling challenged and excited to show up on Monday morning, were as shiny and happy forever. But sometimes reality gets in the way, and a job just isn’t the right fit for you, or you outgrow it. What next? [via Giphy]Signs This Isn’t the Job for YouBefore you start down a path you can’t reverse (there are very few ways to claim â€Å"backsies† on a resignation letter), it’s important to know whether this is just temporary malaise, or something bigger. So when is it time to quit? Here are some of the telltale signs you’re ready to move on.You don’t feel challenged.If you feel like you could make it through your to-do list without disturbing your sleep, you are probably not challenged enough by your work. Other symptoms: having to stretch out projects to fill your day and look product ive, or spending a lot of time messing around/checking social media/shopping online. If you don’t have enough to do, or tasks that engage you, it can be easy to fall into bad, time-wasting habits.You feel miserable.This may seem like a no-brainer, but it’s a big one. Listen to what your body is trying to tell you about stress. Everyone has a grouchy day or two if work is stressful, but if you find yourself in a long string of them, it may be time to start over somewhere else. This is especially true if you start losing sleep, or find yourself getting sick more often than usual. If you’re that unhappy that even your body is saying â€Å"blow this popsicle stand,† it’s time to pay attention.You can’t work with your boss.Lots of things can change about your job: tasks, priorities, projects, even your salary and benefits. One thing you’re unlikely to change: your boss. If you find yourself butting heads because your styles are so differen t, accept that you’re unlikely to change how this person works.You can try to amend your own approach in the name of harmony and productivity, but sometimes there is just no way to make two people compatible- especially if your boss is overbearing or non-communicative. This is a person you will be relying on day-to-day guidance and performance reviews, so this is not an enemy you want to have. And a coup is unlikely, unless this person is incompetent and on the verge of being fired, so the best option is to remove yourself.Your performance and morale are obviously suffering.Can barely contain that eyeroll when Sue starts talking? Feel irrational levels of rage when Andy sends yet another round of ten emails when one would do? Leave early because you just couldn’t take the day any longer? Chances are, your unhappiness is showing to any and all around you, and if you’re letting that anger and frustration affect your work, that’s a problem. It’s bette r to get out before your tasks (and your rep) starts to decline.Your 8 Steps to FreedomSo you’ve got all the symptoms- what do you do next? There are some best practices you should follow once you decide to call it quits- and some things you definitely should not do.1. Don’t quit in a huff.There are exceptions to this, like if you’re asked to do something that is illegal, or if you’ve just won the Powerball. Otherwise, keep your job for now. This is two- fold: a) It’s easier to search for a job when you already have the security of one; and b) unfair or not, many employers prefer to hire someone who doesn’t have employment gaps.2. Consider taking on a side hustle.This can be a good distraction from a day job that is slowly sucking your essence, giving you something new to focus on. (Just don’t spend your regular work time setting up your new business, or that could open up a whole bunch of other unpleasant issues at your already unple asant job.) It’s also a way to start feeling out what you want your revised career path to be. Have you always felt like your heart was somewhere else? This is your chance to start figuring out if you have a passion project, and whether you can channel that passion into a viable paying job.3. Build your professional network.The last thing you want to do is find yourself in the middle of a new job search, and realize that you’re totally unprepared. There are plenty of under-the-radar things you can do to get yourself ready for your imminent search for a new and better gig. Start by beefing up your networks. Some of the best opportunities come because someone’s old college roommate is looking for a team member, and does your friend know anyone who would be a good fit?If you start expanding your reach on sites like LinkedIn, or following/interacting with influential people in your field on social media, you are raising your profile and opening yourself up to potent ial opportunities.Plus, your network might be an essential source of support as you cope with this job you hate. Maybe some have been in that place, and have tips on how to get through it. Maybe others will have valuable insight into what you can do to make your waning time at the job more productive and useful for your future endeavors. Either way, don’t underestimate the help your network can be as you get ready to make a major transition.4. Clean up your own social media.Potential employers can be sneaky, and might be creeping on your Twitter or Facebook profile to see what you’re like. Make extra sure that you don’t have any stray â€Å"I hate this place† notes posted out of frustration, or cringe-inducing inappropriate photos that you may have posted while not realizing you’d be hunting for a job anytime soon.5. Think about what you want to do.You may just want a similar job in your field because you hate your current job/boss, but what if you ’re unhappy at work because you’re on the wrong path altogether? Time to do some deep thinking about what you want to do next. What do you want to achieve in the short term (1-2 years)? What about longer term? If you don’t know what you want your next move to be, your job hunt may not be especially productive, or you could end up in a job you despise just as much as your current one. Make sure you’re clear about what you want to achieve once you’re out of this job.6. Redo your resume.No matter how recently you’ve updated your resume, now is a great time to rewrite, revise, and revamp. If you have the time, start from scratch, and make sure you’re building the strongest possible resume for the current job market. The goal is to have your resume ready to go (and adapt as necessary) for any opportunities that come up.7. Don’t check out mentally.Once you make the decision to walk away, it can be tempting to put in less effort, or n ot care about how your performance affects others at work. Even though it can feel like a major effort, it is definitely in your best interest to keep up a good face at work. You don’t want your reputation to suffer, and in the event that you need a reference from one of your current colleagues, you really don’t want them to say, â€Å"He was great most of the time, but totally checked out by the end.†8. Resign in style.When you give your notice, do not use it as an excuse to get your anger/frustration/disgust off your chest. Delivering sick burns may be entertaining on your way out, but remember that the world is a small place, and your industry might be even smaller. You never know if, five years from now, the person reading this letter will be in a position to help your career. Write a clear, professional note that illustrates your intentions, your last day, and thankfulness for the opportunity in the first place. And if you have to fake that last one a littl e, that’s fine. You don’t have to pretend that your crappy job was the best job you’ve ever had, but a neutral, professional tone is a bare-minimum must.Whether you’re itching to get out the door or just want to make things better for yourself in the short term, the key is looking ahead. Setting goals, and even doing the prep work (resume, job search, network building) can help improve your day-to-day while you plan your escape.

Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes

Ralph Waldo Emerson Quotes Character ArtArt is the path of the creator to his work. ChallengeAs long as a man stands in his own way, everything seems to be in his way. BeliefBelief consists in accepting the affirmations of the soul; unbelief in denying them. CharacterCharacter is higher than intellect. A great soul will be strong to live as well to think. ArtClassic art was the art of necessity: modern romantic art bears the stamp of caprice and chance. CommitmentConcentration is the secret of strength in politics, in war, in trade, in short in all management of human affairs. AttitudeCoolness and absence of heat and haste indicate fine qualities. AdventureDo not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail. CharacterEach man takes care that his neighbor shall not cheat him. But a day comes when he begins to care that he does not cheat his neighbor. Then all goes well - he has changed his market-cart into a chariot of the sun. ConfidenceEvery man has his own courage, and is betrayed because he seeks in himself the courage of other people. AmbitionHitch your wagon to a star. CharacterIf you would lift me up you must be on higher ground. CharacterIf you would not be known to do anything, never do it. ChallengeIt was high counsel that I once heard given to a young person: Always do what you are afraid to do. CharacterJudge of your natural character by what you do in your dreams. CharacterMake the most of yourself, for that is all there is of you. CharacterNo change of circumstances can repair a defect of character. AmbitionNo one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourself. CalmnessNothing can bring you peace but yourself; nothing, but the triumph of principles. CalmnessPeace cannot be achieved through violence, it can only be attained through understanding. BeliefSelf-trust is the essence of heroism. ConfidenceSelf-trust is the first secret of success. BirthdaySo much of our time is preparation, so much is routine, and so much retrospect, that the path of each mans genius contracts itself to a very few hours. AdventureThe invariable mark of wisdom is to see the miraculous in the common. ArtThe sower may mistake and sow his peas crookedly; the peas make no mistake, but come up and show his line. AttitudeThis time like all times is a very good one if we but know what to do with it AttitudeTo be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment. BeliefTo believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in our private heart is for all men - that is genius. AttitudeTo different minds, the same world is a hell, and a heaven. AmbitionWe aim above the mark to hit the mark. AttitudeWhat lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us. CharacterWhat you do speaks so loud that I cannot hear what you say. ActionWhat you do speaks so loudly that I cannot hear what you say CommunicationWho you are is speaking so loudly that I cant hear what youre saying. CharacterWho you are speaks so loudly I cant hear what youre saying. AmbitionWithout ambition one starts nothing. Without work one finishes nothing. The prize will not be sent to you. You have to win it. CommitmentYou cannot do a kindness too soon, for you never know how soon it will be too late. AttitudeYour own mind is a sacred enclosure into which nothing harmful can enter except by your permission.

Does History Repeat itself Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Does History Repeat itself - Research Paper Example Today, we still relive the sinking of Titanic. The truly amazing invincible ship created by mankind was said to be unsinkable. Now we glance back and say if perhaps those who work in charge might have listened. There are several events in everyday life that warrant listening, or even the outcome may cause the painful regrets. Then, you will find others which are like water on the duck’s back; you are able to shake them back. Whenever we don’t remember to learn from history, it’s determined to repeat itself. There's a prediction in the Bible that will repeat itself, and the sad thing is that people still won’t listen (Gary L. Pleasant). Based on some school of thoughts, â€Å"The things which took place within history will never be same happening in present. Instances might occur which are similar, but they are never exactly similar. To investigate this statement we must know precisely what's meant by the phrase ‘History always repeats itself’ . History is written down records of the past, but there might be several versions of the event. Always means all the time, constantly, constantly and continuously. And repeat means something which happens over and over without exceptions. Therefore the statement means an event needs to occur continuously in the same situation again and again over time, with similar factors influencing it. It's impossible for something to occur over and over without exception also it being exactly the same as time before, because things are never stand still; also it can never be the same as the previous time (Harbison, 1990). Based on another school of thoughts, history record of events, as of the life span and development of people or institution, often including a reason of or commentary on those events. History includes a long and wide perspective for example the histories of people, the greater society as in historical events, kings, queens, wars, a history of Vikings, chronicle of volcanoes an d natural events, an inmate with history of drug abuse, chronicle from the rivalry, history of Shakespeare etc. Chesterton continues this simile the following: â€Å"Without some such contrast or comparison, without some such shifting from the perspective, we ought to see nothing whatever in our own social surroundings. We ought to take them for granted since the only possible social surroundings.† (Scott, 2007) Undoubtedly â€Å"history does repeat itself†; being human no-one can ever appear to go above greed, envy, hatred, blood lust, and desire to have power, resulting engage in same scenarios again and again. Taking into consideration illustration of 1812, when Napoleon headed French Troops into Russia for number of reasons. Only because of insufficient proper planning entire invasion along with a tendency to reside from the land drawn in early pushes, Napoleon’s Army was defeated through the Russian weather. Likewise in 1942 Hitler ordered about 4. 5 millio n German along with other Axis troops to invade into Russia, due to the fact he thought simple to use target. Because of insufficient proper planning full extent of invasion and ability of the Soviet Army to trade land and soldiers for time, Hitler’s Army was defeated. Both in examples the leaders exceeded their grasp seriously underestimated the resolve from the Russian/Soviet people and government. Logistical difficulties reared their head, due to the

Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Finance and Accounting - Essay Example This paper will expansively present the accounting policies and the changes adapted by JP Morgan Chase in order to successfully face the modern day challenges. A complete analysis of the major changes incorporated by JP Morgan chase will be expansively presented in this paper. The oldest financial services in the world is without a doubt JP Morgan Chase, it has its presence in well over 60 countries. They are the leaders in investment banking, wealth management and a host of other services. The biggest change that ever took place in the history of the financial institutions was the merger with Bank One. This change primarily took place because the other banks like the Bank of America were almost ready to merge with other big banks like FleetBoston. This merger took place because the financial institutions came under increasing pressure during the time of recession. The announcement of this merger was made on 14 January 2004. The Wall Street reacted very positively because of this mer ger and the NASDAQ witnessed growth soon after the merger took place. This paper declares that this change took place because the two financial institutions wanted to downsize and cut the deadwood out. The aim was to save about $2.2 billion over three years and it was planned to eliminate as many as 10,000 people. This again goes to show how desperate even the biggest financial institutions were at the time of recession. Mergers and acquisitions were very common and these overtures were the initial signs which showed that almost all the big financial institutions were panicking. ... This again goes to show how desperate even the biggest financial institutions were at the time of recession. Mergers and acquisitions were very common and these overtures were the initial signs which showed that almost all the big financial institutions were panicking. Volatile corporate banking was the major factor on which JP Morgan primarily functioned. â€Å"Wall Street analysts generally praised the merger, and investors climbed on board. Typically, the shares of the acquirer fall, reflecting the cost of the acquisition. In this case, investors are signaling they believe the combined company will make up for that cost by holding the shares in the $39-$40 range, about where they were before the deal was announced. J.P. Morgan has been on a roll, with its shares up about 74% in the past 12 months. Bank One shares jumped about 15% when the deal was announced, matching the premium J.P. Morgan will pay. Such a move is typical in an acquisition.† (JP Morgan Chase) The investors looked less enthusiastic with the deal between Bank of America and Fleet-Boston. This deal was for a whopping $48 billion. The shares of Fleet-Boston were driven up as a result of this deal because Bank of America offered 40% premium in this deal. The shares of Bank of America however came down and the investors lost a lot of money consequently. Big mergers take place because both the companies involved in the merger want to grow at a tremendous pace but this merger was not very useful for both the financial institutions. The collapse of WORLDCOM in the year 2005 signaled trouble for JP Morgan chase, the institution had to pay a whopping sum of $2 billion. This sum was paid to the different shareholders who had lost a lot of money as a result

Origin of OSI Model Essay Example for Free

Origin of OSI Model Essay Much of the work on the design of OSI was done by a group at Honeywell Information Systems, headed by Mike Canepa, with Charlie Bachman as the principal technical member. This group was organized within Honeywell, with advanced product planning and with the design and development of prototype systems. In the early and mid 1970s, the interest of Canepas group was mainly on database design and then distributed database design. By the mid-1970s, it become clear that to support database machines, distributed access, and the like, a structured distributed communications architecture would be needed. The group studied some of the existing solutions, including IBMs system network architecture (SNA), the work on protocols being done for ARPANET, and some of the concepts of presentation services being developed for standardized database systems. The result of this effort was the development by 1977 of a seven-layer architecture known as the distributed systems architecture (DSA). Bachman and Canepa participated in ANSI meetings and presented their seven-layer model. This model was chosen as the only proposal to be submitted to the ISO subcommittee. When the ISO group met in Washington DC in March of 78, the Honeywell team presented their solution. An agreement was reached at that meeting that this layered architecture would satisfy most requirements of OSI, and had the ability to be expanded later to meet new requirements. A provisional version of the model was published in March of 78. The next version, with some minor adjustments, was published in June of 1979 and eventually standardized. The resulting OSI model is essentially the same as the DSA model developed in 1977.

Freely Loving the Highest Good Essay -- Analysis, Augustines View

One of the inquiries that is often raised in the topic of the will is the account of humans not loving and turning away from the highest good. By this, I mean that there is a relation between the freedom of the will and human beings not having a rightly ordered love, that is, to love the wrong thing. According to Augustine’s philosophy, the chain of iniquity is self-forged by our divided will, also referred to as the divided house. In Book XII of â€Å"City of God† Augustine declares it pointless to look for the cause of the evil will. For the cause, he argues, is â€Å"deficient,† not â€Å"efficient.† In supporting Augustine’s view, I will provide my own examples and arguments in order to strengthen his claims. Before I can expostulate on the issues of the divided will, and the reward for freely willing to love the highest good, I will explain what Augustine means by â€Å"deficient† as opposed to† efficient† cause as the foun dation of the divided house. Deficient Cause vs. Efficient Cause Often times, actions are analyzed by rational explanation or causal explanation. Rational explanation attempts to construe an action by the aims a person might presently have in his mind. Causal explanation attempts to find the cause for that particular action. Augustine thinks it is absurd to locate the cause of the evil will. Perhaps, we should take into account Augustine’s view about â€Å"The First Sin,† when the defection of the bad angels was first encountered. â€Å"In the beginning when God created the heavens and the earth†¦ And God saw that it was good† (NRSV, Genesis 1). If the Bible states that God created everything good because He is good, then evil, according to Augustine, is the absence of good and does not have any positive being--- defective and lack ... ...ents, love God above all and love your neighbor as yourself, indicate that we should love the most what is objectively the best. Pride is a perverse kind of self-love and a feature of the will. Pride was the deficient cause of Satan freely choosing himself over God and continues to be a relevant cause for humans as result of â€Å"The Original Sin.† In redemption, Jesus Christ, a model of humility, was the Second Adam who because of grace sacrifices Himself to bear and forgive humans of sin. I believe that we can choose to will good or to will evil. To freely will the love for the ultimate good means to willingly love God above all. Although our nature is subject to pride and is deficient in goodness, we can still choose what is good. By having this rightly ordered love , we choose the highest good. As a reward, God gives the gift of true happiness in the afterlife.

Good to be King

A question to consider; when is it to be a King and it is not good? Answer; when the people hose the individual, but God has chosen someone else. Consider the time of Samuel when Israel desired a King. The Judges of Israel where no longer effective and â€Å"†¦ Everyone did what was right in his own eyes. † (Judges 21 :ebb ESP.) â€Å"Then all the elders gathered together and came to Samuel at Raman and said to him†¦ Appoint for us a king to judge us like the other nations. † (1 Samuel 8:4-5) God comforted Samuel by assuring him that it was not him, but God that they where rejecting.God therefore allowed Samuel to anoint the people's choice in ‘Saul' of the tribe of Benjamin. The people liked Saul, for he as tall and handsome. Basically, he looked good on the outside. I'm not sure, but I think the phrase â€Å"Don't judge a book by the cover' may have applied to this situation. In Sail's battle with the Philistines, chapter 13 of 1 Samuel, Sail's army w as heavily outnumbered and in retreat. While growing impatient waiting for God's prophet Samuel, Saul decided himself to offer a burnt offering.This event was the final prideful character flaw of Saul, and Samuel pronounced, although the Lord would have established Sail's kingdom over Israel, but instead his kingdom shall not continue. God said to Samuel â€Å"†¦ L regret that have made Saul king, for he has turned back from following Me and has not performed My commandments† (1 Sam. 15:1 la) Thus, the search for the next King the individual for someone with God's own heart had begun. The Lord leads Samuel to Bethlehem and to the house of Jesse, son of Bed, grandson to Boas.Jesse brings forth his oldest son Elba, who most likely was tall and good looking like Saul. Samuel likes Elba, but is corrected by God, who says â€Å"†¦ The Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart† (1 Sam. 1 6: 7) Jesse mutinous to bring forth all of his sons, until the youngest, who needs to be retrieved from the sheep fields, and only then is Samuel convinced that he has found God's chosen one. David the shepherd boy is brought forward, anointed with oil, filled with the Holy Spirit and proclaimed, that he is Israel's next true King.Davit's first public appearance and confirmation of his ordination is found in the Valley of Ella with the Philistines' champion named Goliath. To this very day, all things very large are labeled â€Å"Goliath†. After 40 days of what we call ‘trash talking against Saul, his army and the very God hey serve, David steps up and accepts Goliath challenge. After shedding any form Of current modern battle fatigues, David with his staff and five smooth stones from the brook, one stone for Goliath and four for anyone else who dared to came after.This amazing show of courage, by the way, is the kind of King Israel needs and fits the covenant God had stated before. After seein g what was sent forth, Goliath laughs again, yet David proceeds to verbally rebuke Goliath and proclaims the truth about the God of Israel being real and powerful. The Bible says that David used one stone and it â€Å"sank into his forehead† (1 Samuel 17:ebb). I personally witnessed a baseball player get hit in the head during a high school baseball game, granted it was only 70 MPH, and the individual was using a regulated helmet, but I believe they suffered a concussion none the less.Goliath was killed with this smooth stone that penetrated through his military issued helmet. I also personally believe that if David shot the stone in the other direction, it still would have hit its target because it was Holy Spirit filled and on mission from God to show the world, especially those in Israel, whom God has anointed to be King and that no one gets away with fighting against Israel. Davit's obedience to God's commandments along with his devotion and heart for God not only establi shed a great monarchy for Israel but an example for all other nations as well.And even though Davit's sin with Batches and very poor parental skills (I. E. , with Abyssal) are recorded for our learning, the New Testament scripture mentions David in the Hall of Faith as a positive role model â€Å"†¦ Through faith conquered kingdoms, enforced justice, obtained promises†¦ Made strong out of weakness, became mighty in war, put foreign armies to flight. † (Hebrews 1 1:33-34) The next king following Davit's death as his son Solomon who was granted an understanding mind to govern the people.

Differences between Spearman and Gardner Essay

Edward Spearman’s name is almost synonymous with general intelligence, or â€Å"g† for short. He invented the first form of factor analysis, and proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence. He had sort of a math formula that said every activity involves a general factor plus a specific factor. (G + S). From these theories, he said that people who do well on intelligence tests also do well on a variety of intellectual tasks. â€Å"Vocabulary and mathematical and spatial abilities†. (Wilderdom, 2003). So for example of â€Å"g†, Spearman would theorize that people who score well on a verbal test have a lot of intelligence, but they are affected by their abilities to perform verbal tasks. In laments terms, if you scored well on a verbal test, you studied and have the brain capacity to understand and comprehend the material. Howard Gardner on the other hand has a different point of view on intelligence. Instead of one main intelligence to focus on, he has seven. â€Å"Verbal, Mathematical, Musical, Spatial, Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and intrapersonal functioning’s† (Wilderdom, 2003). While these are all forms of intelligence, they function separately he argues. Gardner goes a different route than Spearman basing he theories on biological facts. â€Å"Premise 1: If it can be found that certain brain parts can distinctively map with certain cognitive functioning, then that cognitive functioning can be isolated as one candidate of multiple intelligences. Premise 2: Now it has been found that certain brain parts do distinctively map with certain cognitive functioning, as evidenced by certain brain damage leading to loss of certain cognitive function† (Washington U, 2002). These theories give a basis for multiple intelligences. Biologically, Gardner determines that the brain is the major player in the equation. For example; if a person was physically  handicapped, he determined that the particular part of the person brain that controlled motor functions was damaged. The differences between the two psychologist’s theories are basically the same, but explained differently. Spearman’s theories are narrow focusing on one general type of intelligence, G and reaction time. Gardner’s theories are essentially the same but broader focusing on multiple intelligences. Point here is that Gardner doesn’t believe that one intelligence can be sufficient to determine intelligence. As for overall use of these theories, Spearman’s theory has more evidence that it works compared to Gardner’s theory. The proof conquers that there is a connection between someone’s IQ and simple everyday tasks. The only place where Spearman’s theory is suspect is that it doesn’t account for all people. Example; if you gave a poor child an intelligence test, they would probably score poorly thus be deemed to have a below average intelligence. However, the child probably knows how to do basic math to survive and get by, consequently, it can’t take into account different talents that certain individuals have. Gardner also has the same critiques with his theory. A lot of people don’t prefer this method because it is too excessive and has too many components to gauge and measure. His theory has a very casual explanation, but due to the variety of different components to the theory, it’s difficult to pinpoint the exact cause and effect of a situation, and since no one has accurately figured out the complexities and diagramed an accurate depiction of the brain, I would have to call the theory hypothetical. References Spearman â€Å"g†, (2003). Retrieved on June 26th 2004, from, http://www.wilderdom.com/personality/L1-5KeyPlayers.html. Han S. Palik, One intelligence or many? (2002). Retrieved on June 25th 2004, from http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/paik.html.

Rheumatoid Arthritis questin answers Essay Example

Rheumatoid Arthritis questin answers Essay Example Rheumatoid Arthritis questin answers Essay Rheumatoid Arthritis questin answers Essay 10. Who is most commonly affected my rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis, being the most common form of autoimmune arthritis, affects over 1. 3 million Americans. Of these 1. 3 million people, 975,000 are women, or 75%. 1-3% of women will develop rheumatoid arthritis over their lifetime. Though it is most common to develop rheumatoid arthritis from ages 40-60, it may develop at any age. Rheumatoid arthritis more commonly effects Native Americans than any other race in America. You are also more susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis if you are a heavy smoker or if you are related to someone who has rheumatoid arthritis. Another factor that can contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis is obesity 2. Rheumatoid Arthritis I American College of Rheumatology I ACR. Rheumatoid Arthritis I American College of Rheumatology I ACR. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.. (25) 1 1 . What does rheumatoid arthritis do to your body? Rheumatoid arthritis affects each persons body differently. Some people have long periods of remission where they experience no symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis whatsoever. When symptoms occur, the victims Joints become inflamed. This occurs for unknown reasons, as there is no definite cause of rheumatoid arthritis. When the Joints get inflamed, it wears down the cartilage, and as the cartilage breaks down, the space between the bones narrow, and the bones can rub against each other. 4. Rheumatoid Arthritis RA Center: Symptoms, Pain Relief, Causes, -rests, and Medications. WebMD. WebMD, n. d. web. 23 sept. 2013.. (20) 7. What is rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which your bodys immune system attacks your bodys Joints by accident. This causes inflammation and can damage both Joints and organs. The causes of rheumatoid arthritis are mostly nknown, but it is genetic and appears more commonly in the obese and smokers. It often occurs in people ages forty to sixty. 1 . Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Treatment Programs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Treatment Programs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain. The Arthritis Foundation, n. d. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.. (25) 12. What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis affects over 27 million Americans. Osteoarthritis is the breakdown of cartilage. As cartilage deteriorates, bones begin to rub against one another. This makes it difficult for you to use that Joint. Osteoarthritis also damages ligaments and muscles. Osteoarthritis can cause a need for Joint replacements. The two types of Osteoarthritis are primary and secondary. Primary osteoarthritis is associated with aging. The older you are, the more likely you are to have some form of primary osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a disease, and not part of the normal aging process. Secondary osteoarthritis develops early in life, typically 10 or more years after a specific cause, such as an injury or obesity. Osteoarthritis occurs most often in knees, hips and hands. sability, and limited range of motion is an outcome of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any Joint in the body. Rheumatoid arthritis is symmetrical, meaning if a Joint on one side of the body is affected, the corresponding joint on the other side of the body is also involved. The tissue that surrounds the joint called the synovium and is what becomes inflamed. 1 . Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Treatment Programs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Treatment Programs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain. The Arthritis Foundation, n. d. web. 23 sept. 2013.. (25) (25)

Past and Present Participles

Past and Present Participles There are two types of participles in English, and each type is used in a variety of ways. Present Participles The first type of participle is the present participle. The present participle is often referred to as the -ing form of the verb. Here are some examples of present participles in italics: The sun was shining so I went for a walk.The man speaking English is our teacher.That movie was extremely exciting. Past Participles Past participles are used similarly to present participles. Here are some examples of past participles in italics: He has flown to Chicago twice.The broken boy returned home without a prize.That man looks lost. Participles Used as the Main Verb Participles are used with  auxiliary verbs in a variety of tenses. It is important to remember that the changes in the conjugation of the verb are made to the auxiliary verb. The participle form remains the same.   Present participles are used for continuous (or progressive) tenses. These include the present continuous, past continuous and future continuous. Present Continuous: They are  watching  TV at the moment.Past Continuous: Mary was  talking  on the telephone when I came home.Future Continuous: Ill be  playing  golf tomorrow at three oclock.Present Perfect Continuous: He has been  working  in the garden for twenty minutes.Past Perfect Continuous: They had been  waiting  for thirty minutes when he finally arrived.Future Perfect Continuous: Jack will have been  studying  for four hours by six oclock.Past participles are used with simple perfect tenses (continuous perfect or progressive perfect tenses take the participle been the present participle - have been playing, will have been working, etc.).Present Perfect: Shes already  eaten  lunch.Past Perfect: They had  left  for California before she called.Future Perfect: I will have  bought  the clothes by tomorrow evening. Passive Voice and Participles Past participles are also used in all passive voice sentences. To quickly review the passive voice structure: Passive Subject be (conjugated) past participlePresent passive: Tom was taught by Frankie.Past passive: My car was made in Germany. Participles Used as Adjectives Participles can also be used as adjectives to describe nouns. The difference between the present participle and the past participle can make quite a difference in meaning: The bored man went to sleep during the discussion.The boring man put other people to sleep during the discussion. In the first sentence, the past participle bored is used to mean that the man himself was bored; in the second sentence, the present participle boring is used to mean that the man was boring to others. The past participle is used as a passive adjective. The passive adjective expresses how someone feels.   Any interested student should apply in the office.  The overly excited boys need to calm down! The present participle is used as an active adjective. The active adjective describes the effect on people or things: Hes an interesting professor. Id like to take a class with him.  Shes a boring speaker.   Participles Used as Adverbs The present participle is sometimes used as an adverb to describe the manner in which a verb is performed. Here are a few examples: She taught  pounding the grammar into their heads!Angelo works  considering all angles. Notice how the present participle could be preceded with by to give the same meaning: She taught (by) pounding the grammar into their heads!Angelo works (by) considering all angles. Participles Used like Clauses Finally, participles are also used in short phrases that function as clauses. In some cases, the phrase containing the participle drops the relative pronoun: Whos that boy playing the piano? - (Who is that boy whos  playing the piano?)Thats the man remembered by his friends. - (That is the man who was remembered by his friends.) These structures can also introduce sentences with either the present participle or the past participle: Spending all his free time in the library, he continued to learn outside of class.Left alone with nowhere to go, Mary decided to return home a few days early. Present Participles and Gerunds The present participle is often confused with the gerund which is also casually referred to as the ing form of the verb. The  difference between the gerund and the present participle  can be confusing. The main difference is that a gerund is used as a noun: Taking a vacation is important to your mental health.We enjoy watching romantic comedies.

Public Relations College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Relations College - Essay Example This term was initiated by Thomas Jefferson. This was in the year 1807. It was first defined by Edward Bernays. He defined it as a management function with policies and programs that help an organisation to earn acceptance from the public. Research shows that throughout history public relations were used. One of the people that used it includes Georgiana Cavendish. 1 This was during the 18th century. She used so many approaches like lobbying the business. This she did with the help of her friends. She also incorporated press relations in her public relations venture. There are also many other people through out history that used public relations. For instance the American precursors carried out the promotion of circuses. In fact research shows that public relations were started in the United States. This was done such that the railroads were supported. Research shows that Railway literature book was the first to be reported to have the term public relations. This was in the year 1897. The public relations today have gone through many changes since the initiation. New techniques have been incorporated unlike what used to happen before. For instance there is the use of focus groups. This was never carried out initially but rather much generalization was done. When the public relations are carried out a specific group of people is targeted. For instance the loyal customers in the organisation can be a target group. 2 There is also the use of new technology in making sure that information reaches the clients. For instance since the nineteenth century, the internet has really been used in remitting information to clients. There is also the use of satellite feeds in the public relations. Today people need vast knowledge like economics and management principles to carry out public relations. For efficiency and effectiveness basic communication skills knowledge has to be studied by the concerned managers. Even video productions are widely used by various organizations. Nowadays many organisations have got a public relations department that deal with all the issues concerning the public in general. When the above evolution of public relations is evaluated one realizes that there used to be limitation in the communication because the technology was not advanced at that time. The public relations were carried out quite generally and therefore the desired effects were not well achieved. For instance the entire process was quite generalized that it did not deal with a specific focus group. This really limited the effectiveness. The communication could take time before being communicated. This is unlike what is happening in the organisations today because technology has really enhanced communication. Relationship marketing Relationship marketing is all about having tactics that are event driven. It is about retaining the customers in the business organization. It is a process and not an issue of a single event. Relationship marketing is usually carried out by having tactics that will help in retaining the loyal customers in the hospitality industry. The customers include local and the international tourists. The marketing messages in this case have to be moulded in line with the customer's life cycle. Through this there is usually high profitability since the customers are satisfied. For instance in the hospitalit

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 44

Business Law - Essay Example The company should seek a temporary work permit in the United States. The company should also seek the assistance of an approved attorney who prepares the form "I-94---Arrival and Departure Record making it easier for contractors to work efficiently in America. The company should also seek labor certification from the immigration office for their constructors. We are a foreign construction company seeking to expand our services to the United States. The letter aims to inform and register our company with the tax department as a move to comply with the necessary tax obligations. Mrs. Photolover failed to seek the necessary copyright when selling the photographs though she specified the exceptions. Mr. Likesdrawing used someone’s material outside the stated exceptions without the consent of the developer. Mrs. Photolover should sue to discontinue the sale of the said pictures and obtain a valid copyright. Mr. Likes drawing should argue on the basis of fair usage as the picture lacks a valid copyright. Producers developed an anti-competitive practice that involved price fixing. Consumers are protected by law from acts of price fixation, and the companies can be sued. The Sherman Act prevents acts of collusion among producers to fix prices, and violations attract fines of up to $10 million for corporations and $350000 or a three-year imprisonment or both for individuals. The case relating to Apple Corporation is based on the antitrust laws and competition issues. The possible outcomes include the requirement for Apple to prove that their acquisition is based on economic policies and also illustrate the desire of a fair competition with no intention of unfair practices. Where Apple fails to prove the fair competition, the European Commission will illustrate its fears before the judge. The judge can abolish the deal in venturing in the music streaming industry or provide various obligations that the company has to follow. A similar case example involved the case

Fences, a play by August Wilson Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fences, a play by August Wilson - Research Paper Example This huge disenchantment sets the tone of the play. Troy is a tragic figure beset with waves of bad fortune, a victim of his time but as much his own fault. Troy’s tragic life is made more poignant by the author painting him as a tragic hero. Troy’s myopic interpretation of things and his unwillingness to adapt to reality are his two biggest flaws, blinding him and leading to his ultimate undoing. Troy is presented with opportunities to make peace with the other characters and redeem himself at critical crossroads but sadly he chose to remain in his fabricated world and his tragedy. The onset of act one, scene one provides the context of the big disenchantment in Troy’s life, that of his thwarted dream, resulting in his leading a mundane existence as a garbage collector. Troy has once been a promising baseball player in his prime, but he has been stripped of his chance to make it big in the Major Leagues because of his color. Troy could not reconcile with the fac t that he is too old to play in the Leagues when it finally opened up to black players and this residual bitterness and resentment distorted most of Troy’s perspective on things and people and reinforced his belief that he is a victim of his time. Despite this, Troy has never let go of his identity as a ball player. He continues to use baseball jargons to reflect his world view as in act one, scene one where he says â€Å"Death ain’t nothing but as fastball on the outside corner.† To his credit, Troy has fought back to emerge as a literary hero at the beginning of the play, where the other characters seem to revere him as the sole provider for the family and a fighter for equality at work. Troy’s flaws, however work against him. His narrow-minded perception has evolved into a dual set of standards over time in judging himself and others. This can be seen in Troy carrying himself around with excessive importance as the breadwinner but belittles of the work and accomplishment of others as in act one, scene three, â€Å"I do the best I can do. I come in here every Friday, I carry a sack of potatoes†¦you all line up with your hands stretched out at the door†¦I give you my sweat and my blood I ain’t got no tears†. To Troy, elder son Lyons’ chosen vocation as a jazz musician is simply a stunt in playing â€Å"Chinese music† and not serious work. Troy deduces this as the reason Lyons returns home to borrow money from him. As for Cory, his break into professional football hits a raw nerve in Troy’s thwarted dream. Troy could not accept that times have changed for black sportsman and Cory could actually make a career out of it. Cory brings up the achievement of black players like Clemente and Aaron and Kouflax, but Troy deflates their contributions. When Troy is losing out his argument to Cory, he throws the punch line, â€Å"I ain’t no Sandy Kouflax† in act one, scene three.. Instea d, he wants Cory to stay at a job instead of pursuing football. Cory’s giving away his job at A&P supermarket is seen by Troy as an act of defiance against him. Troy therefore imposes his authoritative presence on Cory in act one, scene three where he sabotages Cory’s opportunity by telling Cory’s coach that he can no longer play on his team. Troy’s shortsightedness prevents him from seeing the further ramifications of his act. Troy reasons that by sabotaging Cory’s chance would teach his son to obey his wishes. Instead it has set the wheels to motion to

The Tourist Gaze by John Urry | Summary and Analysis

The Tourist Gaze by John Urry | Summary and Analysis Critically consider the argument that Urry’s concept of the ‘tourist gaze’ places too much emphasis on the visual. Urry’s ‘tourist gaze’ remains one of the most influential concepts in tourism research. The ideas developed by Urry are still widely quoted and relevant today but a major criticism of his work is that too much emphasis is placed on the visual aspects of being a tourist rather than the whole experience. This essay will investigate this claim before concluding whether or not this is the case. In order to do this, this essay will be broken into several parts. The first section will look at what the ‘tourist gaze’ actually is. It is important to have a definition of this term before proceeding with the rest of the assignment. The second part of this essay will draw on wider academic research to test whether or not Urry’s ideas do place too much emphasis on the visual. The final part of this essay will bring together all the arguments to form some sort of conclusion. In order to fully understand the ‘tourist gaze’ it would be useful to have a clear understanding of what a tourist is and what tourism as an activity is. Turner et al. (2005) define a tourist as, â€Å"someone who has travelled to another place for a brief sojourn, an experience that necessarily entails a distinct period of transition and discontinuity from the everyday world† (p. 11). Urry (2002) describes the act of tourism as, â€Å"a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namely regulated and organised work. It is one manifestation of how work and leisure are organised as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in ‘modern’ societies† (p. 2). The environments that these tourists visit are subject to what Urry (1990) has described as the ‘tourist gaze’. Urry states that tourists are, â€Å"directed to features of the landscape that, which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed bec ause they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary†. The tourist and the viewpoints are manipulated, â€Å"so that the gaze falls upon what the gazer expects to see† (Turner et al, 2005: 11). Most of the time this gaze is from a static location but if it is mobile then it is directed from an insulated environment such as from a train window or a sign-posted route. The tourist only sees what they are supposed to see. Urry (1990) states, â€Å"the typical tourist experience is†¦to see named scenes through a frame, such as the hotel window, the car windscreen or the window of the coach† (p. 100). In a sense, real life is suspended or hidden away in these places so that the tourist can gaze upon what upon they expect to see. For example, in the Lake District in England, houses can only be built to very exacting specifications with traditional methods and materials. This helps to preserve the traditional look of the area. This expectation has been built up by promotional material such as brochures and adverts on the television. Goss (1993) argues that tourism marketing provide tourists with representational images of the places they are about to visit and this helps form an imaginary construction for the tourist. Culler (1981) argues that tourists read the landscape for anything that represents these pre-established notions. In The Tourist Gaze, Urry (1990) states that when we go away and become tourists, â€Å"we look at the environment†¦we gaze at what we encounter†¦and the gaze is socially constructed† (p. 1). Perkins and Thorns (2001) state that there is no single uniform gaze, rather it is, â€Å"varied temporally and across social groups and that the concept of the gaze encapsulates tourists’ experiences and is an interpretation of the things they seek and do when on holiday† (p. 187). Perkins and Thorns (2001) go on to argue that, â€Å"the gaze is a concept which comprises a way of looking at the world which simultaneously forms what is seen and the way of seeing† (p 187). There have been numerous criticisms leveled at Urry’s concept of the ‘tourist gaze’. Perhaps the most common one and of most interest to this essay is that the gaze doesn’t fully capture the tourist experience. Perkins and Thorns (2001) argue that there needs to be more of a focus on the concept of the tourist performance because in places like New Zealand, tourists are more about ‘doing’ rather than simply ‘seeing’ or ‘gazing’ and, â€Å"thus about putting their bodies into tourism in a way that is not reflected in much of the analysis arising from a focus upon the tourist gaze† (p. 199). This criticism highlights an important change in the tourism industry. This is the search for authentic experiences and the search for experiences that invigorates all the senses. Thrift (1999) suggests that tourists want ‘contact’ with their surroundings. This contact goes beyond the visual realms as suggested by Urry. As Franklin and Crang (2001) point out that tourists, â€Å"are seeking to be doing something in the places they visit rather than being endlessly spectatorially passive† (p. 13). Franklin and Chang go on to suggest that tourists have become bored by the gaze. MacCannell (1989) states that, â€Å"touristic consciousness is motivated by its desire for authentic experiences, and the tourist may believe that he is moving in this direction, but often it is very difficult to know for sure if the experience is in fact authentic. It is always possible that what is taken to be entry into a back region is really entry into a front region that has been totally set up in advance for touristic visitation† (p. 101). Urry fails to notice the distinction between authentic experiences and inauthentic ones. MacCannell (2001) believes there is a second gaze, one that is in a way suspicious of the totally visual elements of the tourist gaze. The second gaze is where the tourist is aware that, â€Å"something is being concealed from it†¦the second gaze knows that seeing is not believing. Some things will remain hidden from it†¦The second gaze turns back onto the gazing subject an ethical responsibility for the construction of its own existen ce† (p. 36). MacCannell (2001) finds the concept of the tourist gaze as defined by Urry too narrow a concept and argues that it is, â€Å"a blueprint for the transformation of the global system of attractions into an enormous set of mirrors to serve the narcissistic needs of dull egos† (p. 26). Nicholson-Lord (2002) is in partial agreement although he also takes issue with the concept of the second gaze as well. He argues that, â€Å"tourism is a powerful cultural solvent; it takes customs and beliefs that are locally rooted and distinctive, puts them into the global blending machine and turns them into liquefied gunk to which a mass market has been primed to respond† (p. 24). Although MacCannell is arguing for the need for a wider experience than Urry suggests, they have both been criticized by those who suggest that they focus too exclusively on the tourist experience and the subjectivity of the tourist. Little mention is given to the subjectivity of the host. In a world where affluent tourists are able to seek out experiences and gaze upon sights in worlds that are just becoming open to them, little mention is given to how this affects the host cultures. Bianchi (2001) states that, â€Å"in a world of hyper-mobile capital, instant communications and the mass movement of peoples, international tourism encapsulates the contradictory forces at play in today’s world. These are mobility and freedom for the wealthy few, and immobility and impoverishment for the disenfranchised many† (p. 16). This imbalance is completely ignored in the work of Urry. It would be fair to argue that this is because he places too much emphasis on the visual for the t ourist and not enough on looking at the wider impact of tourism on the hosts. As we move into an age of more ethically aware tourism, this becomes more of an important concept. Of course, Urry would argue that there is no single gaze and that this movement to more ethical tourism is just simply a different gaze for a different type of tourist but the fact that he ignores the impact of tourism on the host cultures is evidence that his preoccupations are elsewhere. The tourist gaze as a concept is a helpful one when studying tourism. It helps us to understand how tourism has evolved and changed over the past few decades. It also helps us to understand how we as tourists act as players within a larger system that has been created to match our expectations of what we want to see on when we go on holiday with the supposed reality of what is actually there. It helps us to understand all the visual sign-posts that are created to help match up these two worlds, the reality and what we expect to see. However, this concept does have some limitations. Although it tries to be all encapsulating, trying to explain all our visual experiences by saying that people from different classes seek different things and gaze on different things when they go on holiday, it is still too narrow. It fails to really encapsulate the entire essence of tourism which is the experiences that you have that can’t be explained away as simply visual. This essay has touched on the notion of performance and contact. This is what tourism is all about. It is about the experiences that you have that come from the smells and sounds and the activities you partake in in the place you are visiting. Of course the sights play a huge part in this but they are not the whole experience. Another place that Urry’s concept falls flat is his failure to look at tourism from the point of view of the host culture. In this day and age where we are becoming more ethically aware in everything that we consume, including our tourism, this is quite a big failure of the concept. It’s preoccupation on the consumers and how they are being manipulated with no mention of how these consumers impact on the cultures that they visit. Urry’s concept is still useful but it is getting less and less relevant in today’s market. Bibliography and References Chin, C.B.N. 2008, Cruising in the Global Economy: Profits, Pleasure and Work at Sea, London: Ashgate. Franklin, A. and Chang, M. 2001, The trouble with tourism and travel theory?, Tourist Studies, 1(1), 5-22. Goss, J. 1993, Placing the Market and Marketing the Place: Tourist Advertising of the Hawaiian Islands, 1972-1992, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11, 663-688. MacCannell, D. 1992, Empty Meeting Grounds: The Tourist Papers, London: Routledge. McGuigan, J. 2004, Rethinking Cultural Policy, London: McGraw-Hill International Perkins, H.C. and Thorns, D.C. 2001, Gazing or Performing?: Reflections on Urry’s Tourist Gaze in the Context of Contemporary Experience in the Antipodes, International Sociology, 16(2), 185-204. Thrift, N. (1999) ‘Still Life in Present Time:The Object of Nature’, conference paper  presented to Sociality/Materialism – The Status of the Object in Social Science,  Brunel University, UK 9–11 September 1999. Turner et al. 2005, The Tourist Gaze: Towards Contextualised Virtual Environments, Kluwer. Urry, J. 1990, The Tourist Gaze, London: Sage. Urry, J. 1992, The Tourist Gaze â€Å"Revisited†, American Behavioral Scientist, 36, 172-186.

THE LESSON :: Essays Papers

THE LESSON 1 "Ah! If only I could be young again!" Most people often say this statement. People wishing they could go back to their youth and make a change. [Frag - 1] If one could become young again, would he/she really change? Or is youth a state of mind? In "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment", [,"] Nathaniel Hawthorne gives us an example of what can happen when one does become young again. The theme of this story is that morals established in one's youth remain unchanged throughout one's life. 2 The narrator does not identify himself as a character, nor if his character is present during Dr. Heidegger's experiment. [SS The narrator does not identify himself as a character or participant in the experiment.] Within the story, the narrator does mention that this [What is "this"?] might seem unbelievable and false. He alludes [Diction] that the story may be a lesson in morality. The effect of such a narrator allows the audience to decide if the story is true or a mere lesson. [A lesson cannot be true?] 3 Throughout the story, symbols of youth and age are present everywhere. The rose, which Dr. Heidegger has kept for 50 years, symbolizes his love and commitment for Sylvia Ward. It also symbolizes youth. When Dr. Heidegger places the rose in the liquid of youth, it blooms just as the characters do when they drink the elixir of life. However, the rose has a double meaning. It also means death. As the rose withers, so do the characters. [What else is the rose associated with?] 4 The experiment starts on a summer afternoon. Symbolically, a summer afternoon means youth. The characters become young during this time. When the sun sets, they age. The sunset symbolizes aging. 5 Throughout the story, we hear about this Fountain of Youth. Also referred to as the elixir of life or the liquid of youth. [Frag -1] This Fountain of Youth is really a state of mind. Like the saying goes, "you are as young as you think you are." That is what this elixir of life is really about.

How important are staff/management relations? Essay

A good relationship between staff and management is one in which each party respects and trusts one another, communicates with and understands one another and understands clearly what is expected of each other. Each party must make a fair contribution towards satisfying the interests of the other party. Demands placed on each other must be reasonable. Compromise and co-operation both play important roles in safeguarding the interests of the business while also satisfying the conflicting interests of it’s workforce. It is imperative to build and maintain healthy staff/management relations for the following reasons. Good relations help to prevent disputes and if conflict does arise it can be better resolved between staff and management who have already developed a good working relationship which helps to ensure as little disruption to normal operations as possible. Good staff/management relations lead to high morale amongst a workforce. A happy workforce is a more productive one. The employer will also find it easier to retain its employees. Poor relations can lead to an unhappy workforce and dissatisfied management which is likely to result in reduced productivity and the overall failure of the business. The interests of a company and the interests of it’s workforce are often in conflict with each other. A number of practices must be in place in order to simultaneously satisfy the needs of both the business and of it’s people. When an employee first joins a company, they must be given a contract which clearly states what is expected of them in their role and what remuneration he/she will receive. The contract, terms and conditions must make it clear what the employee can expect from it’s employment. The employee must also be made aware of all relevant company polices and procedures particularly regarding conduct, sickness, disciplinary procedures and grievances possibly via a company handbook, intranet website or induction. Without having been given the necessary information in the first place, it is unreasonable for any employer to expect compliance with rules. There must be a clear organizational structure in place so that staff members know who they report to and this helps to instill a respect for authoritative positions. However in order to earn respect from it’s staff, management must undergo regular training to ensure they possess the necessary skills to manage the workforce well. Sufficient training must be given to staff members to equip them with the knowledge and skills required to carry out their role. Performance appraisals should take place to assess performance, identify problem areas and to reward excellence. This is beneficial to both the company and the staff member as poor performance can be corrected and well performing staff members benefit from recognition. Reviews of conditions and pay should take place in order to keep up with change and competition. Competitors may not only ‘steal’ customers but could ‘steal’ a workforce if they can offer them more. Retaining a workforce will keep recruitment and training costs to a minimum. Monetary rewards are not always enough to motivate staff. It may be necessary in some situations to motivate staff using other incentives such as awards, promotional prospects, shares and staff discounts. It is necessary that management and staff have effective methods of communicating with each other such as email, newsletters or meetings. Staff must have means of expressing themselves and providing feedback upwards which can be done through surveys or even informal discussions. With effective communications, problems can be identified early and resolved quickly. Using the above mentioned practices a better working relationship can be established between management and staff ensuring the success of the company and the well being of its workforce.

Research design and methodlogy Essay

This chapter presents and discusses the method of research used and the procedures utilized by the researcher in this study. It likewise includes the sources of data and the treatment of data. Methodology of the study This investigation adopted the compare and contrast qualitative research method as this is the most appropriate way in determining the effect the type of business to the success of the business. In addition, the quantitative approach was included to complement the qualitative part of this research. The Archival Research is defined by Bordens, Kenneth S. , and Abbott, Bruce B. , (1999) as a non-experimental strategy that involves studying existing records. These records can be historical account of events, census data, court records, police crime reports, or any other archived information. This qualitative study is divided by two parts. They are: 1. Compare Motherhood and Feminism in Beloved 2. Contrast Motherhood and Feminism in Beloved. And, the quantitative study focused on interviewing twenty persons who have read the Beloved novel. The researcher took pains in reading, searching and analysis of the different parts of this study. The researcher examined the comparison and contrast of Motherhood and Feminism in Beloved. The historical background is one of the main focus of this study including their success. The final phase was the analysis, presentation and the drawing of the conclusions and the recommendation. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The primary research instrument and technique was used in the gathering of data for this study. In addition, the researcher used secondary sources taken from books and journals. These secondary sources had guided the researcher to broaden the point of understanding specifically the effect of Motherhood on Feminism in Beloved. The analysis of variance was used to compare the different topics found in Beloved and the respondents answers grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. The formula for Analysis of Variance includes Y i = e i where e i is N(0, ? 2 ) [2. 1] RESEARCH PROCEDURE The researcher seeks the primary as well as secondary materials as the best way to examine the effect of Slavery on Motherhood and Feminism in the Beloved Novel. After a through studying, reading and scrutinizing the different data, it is best to use the secondary sources as a basis for company business analysis and then coming up with the output – Results of the Effect of Slavery on Motherhood and Feminism in the Beloved Novel. Chapter IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter puts forward the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data collected. The questions identified in the problem are used as the bases for the presentation. The sequence of the structure includes table, analysis and interpretation of the data of the current study. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY PART I 1. Compare Slavery to Feminism in the Beloved novel. There are similarities between slavery and feminism in the Beloved novel. 1. 1 Both slaves and women have responsibilities in the Beloved Novel. The slaves must clean the homes and even be the unwilling sex toys of their owners. The women have the responsibility to take care of the children in the Beloved Novel. Here, the Nation Journal states about Morrisons intentions in writing Beloved, â€Å"What is this absolute obsession with violence? I mean, violence is two things. First of all, it takes a certain amount of courage, physical courage, but it also requires a certain laziness of intellect. So it’s both easy and hard. It’s such a child’s view, as is the puny language that accompanies it. I guess I shouldn’t dump that on children, but it certainly is not adult. † The language of literature that is bellicose, that is warlike, is the prized language 1. 2 Both slaves and women have feelings. For, both the slaves and the women can feel both sad and happy. Sethe was sad to feel that her child, Beloved would grow up a slave like her. Sethe felt sad when she knew she would never see her husband again. Here, Toni Morrison has conjured a way to bring back the past to the readers of this novel where slaves too have feelings . 2. Contrast Slavery to Feminism in the Beloved novel. There are differences between Slavery and Feminism in the Beloved novel. 2. 1 Slaves are the property of the owners but Women are not the property of their husbands. For the slave owners feel that they have the right to rape the women slaves because they feel that slaves as their property. The wives cannot be forced to have sex with their husbands or anyone else against their will . 2. 2 Slaves can not own their children but free women can own their children. Sethe killed Beloved because she did not want her to grow up and suffer as a slave like her. She is too possessive of her children. Women who are free, includes freed African Americans, can own their children. Beloved flirts with Paul D. because she wants to have a child of her own. She plans to take care of the child until it grows old. She wants to give her child the love and caring that her mother, Sethe, was too selfish to give her . 2. 3 Slaves have no freedom to do what they want whereas free women are free to do what they want anytime provided it does not violate the rights of others. The slaves are classified as animals in Beloved and have to right or privilege. However, free women a right to fall in love and to roam anywhere they want. This is the reason why Sethe ran away from her owners. This is also the main reason why Sethe’s husband, Paul D. and Stamp paid ran away from their owners. Sethe’s mother in law, Baby Suggs feels that she is now happy for being free to stay at her home to do whatever she wants . Being an African American herself, Toni Morrison â€Å"Historically, women in Africa have dominated the use (and instruction) of literary forms that include proverbs and folk- tales. In consequence, it is important to determine the scope of the narrative traditions in black women’s literature and to specify the nature of this relationship–to discuss olktales, for example, in conjunction with the voices of/in the tales. The tellers, the mode of telling, the complications and sometimes obfuscations of telling become critical not only to the folkloric traditions, but to the larger narrative traditions as well† PART II This quantitative essay was done in order to know how people feel about the Beloved story by African American Toni Morrison which was published recently in 1987. For the society changes and humans evolve both in mind and in spirit. The environment where one lives is called reality. And literature evolves or alters its role, its action, its form of practice just like the environment of which it is a part. The people reading the book will cherish their past where their grandparents were once slaves or owners of slaves. 4. 0Frequency 4. 1 Age Table 1 AGE of Respondents Age Range Frequency Percent Rank. 15- 24 11 55 1 25- 34 5 25 2 34- 44 3 15 3 45- above 1 5 4 Total 20 100 The above table shows that there are eleven respondents belong to the 15 -24 age level. This group represents fifty five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 1 in the above table based on their percentage. Also, there are five respondents belonging to the 25 -34 age level. This group represents twenty five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 2 in the above table based on their percentage. There are three respondents belonging to the 35- 45 age level. This group represents fifteen percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 3 in the above table based on their percentage. Lastly, there is only one respondent belonging to the 45 and above age level. This group represents five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 4 in the above table based on their percentage. There are more respondents belonging to the 15- 25 age level. 4. 2 Gender Table 2 GENDER of Respondents Gender Frequency Percent Rank F 14 70 1 M 6 30 2 Total 20 100 The above table shows that there are fourteen respondents belong to the Female Gender. This group represents seventy percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 1 in the above table based on their percentage. Also, there are six respondents belonging to the Males Gender. This group represents Thirty percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 2 in the above table based on their percentage. There are more respondents belonging to the Female Gender. 4. 3 Education.

Bio. Lab. Report Membrane Transport Essays

Bio. Lab. Report Membrane Transport Essays Bio. Lab. Report Membrane Transport Paper Bio. Lab. Report Membrane Transport Paper The glass slide is slowly lowered down on the epidermal layer using the needle; . The onion cells are examined through the microscope; 4. The structure of the onion cells is drawn as observed under the microscope. Results Observations: In the hypotonic solution the water will move from the solution to the onion cells which will become bigger. PART 2 1. The distilled water is removed using the filter paper; 2. A drop of 5% of sucrose solution is placed at a side of the cover slip and the solution across the epidermal layer is drawn by placing filter paper on the other side of the cover slip; 3. The onion cells are examined once again through microscope. The structure of the onion cells is drawn as observed under the microscope. In the isotonic solution, there is no difference in the similarity, no change in the cells sizes. PART 3 1. Repeat step (1 -3 of PART 2) using 30% of sucrose solution.

Death Of A Salesman Essays (5222 words) - English-language Films

Death Of A Salesman Essays (5222 words) - English-language Films Death Of A Salesman Arthur Miller is one of the most renowned and important American playwrights to ever live. His works include, among others, The Crucible and A View from the Bridge. The plays he has written have been criticized for many things, but have been praised for much more, including his magical development of the characters and how his plays provide good theater. In his plays, Miller rarely says anything about his home life, but there are at least some autobiographical hints in his plays. Arthur Miller is most noted for his continuing efforts to devise suitable new ways to express new and different themes. His play Death of a Salesman, a modern tragedy, follows along these lines. The themes in this play are described and unfurled mostly through Willy Lomans, the main character in the play, thoughts and experiences. The story takes place mainly in Brooklyn, New York, and it also has some flashback scenes occurring in a hotel room in Boston. Willy lives with his wife Linda and their two sons, B iff and Happy in a small house, crowded and boxed in by large apartment buildings. The three most important parts of Death of a Salesman are the characters and how they develop throughout the play; the conflicts, with the most important ones revolving around Willy; and the masterful use of symbolism and other literary techniques which lead into the themes that Miller is trying to reveal. Arthur Miller was born in Manhattan on October 17, 1915 to Isidore and Augusta Barnett Miller. His father was a ladies coat manufacturer. Arthur Miller went to grammar school in Harlem but then moved to Brooklyn because of his fathers losses in the depression. In Brooklyn he went to James Madison and Abraham Lincoln High Schools and was an average student there, but did not get accepted to college. After high school, he worked for 2 years at an auto supply warehouse where he saved $13 of his $15 a week paycheck. He began to read such classics as Dostoevski and his growing knowledge led him to the University of Michigan. While at the University of Michigan, Miller worked many jobs such as a mouse tender at the University laboratory and as a night editor at the newspaper Michigan Daily. He began to write plays at college and won 2 of the $500 Hopwood Playwriting Awards. One of the two awarded plays No Villain (1936) won the Theaters Guild Award for 1938 and the prize of $1250 encouraged him to become engaged with Mary Grace Slattery, whom he married in 1940. Miller briefly worked with the Federal Theater Project and in 1944 he traveled to Army Camps across Europe to gather material for a play he was doing. His first Broadway play, The Man Who Had All the Luck, opened in 1944. Since then he has written 13 award winning plays and more than 23 different noted books. He had two children with Mary Grace Slattery, Jane and Robert, but divorced her and in 1956 married Marilyn Monroe. He then divorced her later that decade, and, in 1962, married Ingeborg Morath and had one child with her, named Rebecca. He no w lives on 400 acres of land in Connecticut and spends his time gardening, mowing, planting evergreens, and working as a carpenter. He still writes each day for four to six hours. His father always told him to read. He once said, Until the age of seventeen, I can safely say that I never read a book weightier than Tom Swift and the Rover Boys, but my father brought me into literature with Dickens(Nelson, Pg. 59). His fathers good-natured joking was used to invent the character of Joe Kellers genial side. After the Fall (1947) is a play written by Miller where he sneaks in some small autobiographical notes. The character traits exhibited by the main woman in the play indicate his mothers early encouragement to his literary promise. The Depression still troubles him today, especially for the hard times that he went through as a child. In an interview, he once said, It seems easy to tell how it was to live in those years, but I have made several attempts to tell

Zheng Shi, Pirate Lady of China

Zheng Shi, Pirate Lady of China The most successful pirate in history was not Blackbeard (Edward Teach) or Barbarossa, but Zheng Shi or Ching Shih of China. She acquired great wealth, ruled the South China Seas, and best of all, survived to enjoy the spoils. We know next to nothing about Zheng Shis early life. In fact, Zheng Shi means simply widow Zheng - we dont even know her birth name. She was likely born in 1775, but the other details of her childhood are lost to history. Zheng Shi's Marriage She first enters the historical record in 1801. The beautiful young woman was working as a prostitute in a Canton brothel when she was captured by pirates. Zheng Yi, a famous pirate fleet admiral, claimed the captive to be his wife. She pluckily agreed to marry the pirate leader only if certain conditions were met. She would be an equal partner in the leadership of the pirate fleet, and half the admirals share of the plunder would be hers. Zheng Shi must have been extremely beautiful and persuasive because Zheng Yi agreed to these terms. Over the next six years, the Zhengs built a powerful coalition of Cantonese pirate fleets. Their combined force consisted of six color-coded fleets, with their own Red Flag Fleet in the lead. Subsidiary fleets included the Black, White, Blue, Yellow, and Green. In April of 1804, the Zhengs instituted a blockade of the Portuguese trading port at Macau. Portugal sent a battle squadron against the pirate armada, but the Zhengs promptly defeated the Portuguese. Britain intervened, but did not dare take on the full might of the pirates - the British Royal Navy simply began providing naval escorts for British and allied shipping in the area. The Death of Husband Zheng Yi On November 16, 1807, Zheng Yi died in Vietnam, which was in the throes of the Tay Son Rebellion. At the time of his death, his fleet is estimated to have included 400 to 1200 ships, depending upon the source, and 50,000 to 70,000 pirates. As soon as her husband died, Zheng Shi began calling in favors and consolidating her position as the head of the pirate coalition. She was able, through political acumen and willpower, to bring all of her husbands pirate fleets to heel. Together they controlled the trade routes and fishing rights all along the coasts of Guangdong, China, and Vietnam. Zheng Shi, Pirate Lord Zheng Shi was as ruthless with her own men as she was with captives. She instituted a strict code of conduct and enforced it strictly. All goods and money seized as booty was presented to the fleet and registered before being redistributed. The capturing ship received 20% of the loot, and the rest went into a collective fund for the entire fleet. Anyone who withheld plunder faced whipping; repeat offenders or those who concealed large amounts would be beheaded. A former captive herself, Zheng Shi also had very strict rules about treatment of female prisoners. Pirates could take beautiful captives as their wives or concubines, but they had to remain faithful to them and take care of them - unfaithful husbands would be beheaded. Likewise, any pirate who raped a captive was executed. Ugly women were to be released unharmed and free of charge on shore. Pirates who deserted their ship would be pursued, and if found, had their ears cut off. The same fate awaited any who went absent without leave, and the earless culprits would then be paraded in front of the entire squadron. Using this code of conduct, Zheng Shi built a pirate empire in the South China Sea that is unrivaled in history for its reach, fearsomeness, communal spirit, and wealth. In 1806, the Qing dynasty decided to do something about Zheng Shi and her pirate empire. They sent an armada to fight the pirates, but Zheng Shis ships quickly sank 63 of the governments naval ships, sending the rest packing. Both Britain and Portugal declined to directly intervene against The Terror of the South China Seas. Zheng Shi had humbled the navies of three world powers. Life After Piracy Desperate to end Zheng Shis reign - she was even collecting taxes from coastal villages in the place of the government - the Qing emperor decided in 1810 to offer her an amnesty deal. Zheng Shi would keep her wealth and a small fleet of ships. Out of her tens of thousands of pirates, only about 200-300 of the worst offenders were punished by the government, while the rest went free. Some of the pirates even joined the Qing navy, ironically enough, and became pirate hunters for the throne. Zheng Shi herself retired and opened a successful gambling house. She died in 1844 at the respectable age of 69, one of the few pirate lords in history to die of old age.